[1]           His real name is 'Abdullah or 'Abdur-Rahman bin Sakhr Ad-Dausi, and was one of the greatest Sahaba (Companions of the Prophet PBUH) and reported the largest number of Ahadith. More than 800 men narrated from him. He became a Muslim in the year of Khaibar (7 H.) and stayed in the company of the Prophet (PBUH) until he (the Prophet PBUH) died. He was appointed a Mufti (scholar of Islamic verdicts) during the caliphate of' Umar and later became the governor of Al-Madina during the reign of Mawan bin Al-Hakam. He died in 59 H. and was buried at Al-Baqi'.

[2]           The collectors of Hadith: Abu Da’ud, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah.

[3]           His name is Sa'd bin Malik bin Sinan Al-Khazraji Al-Ansari. He was one of the learned Sahaba, reported many Ahadith and gave religious opinions for some time. He died at the beginning of 74H at the age of 86 years.

[4]           It is reported in Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi and Abu Da’ud that the Prophet (PBUH) said these words answering a question about the well of Bud'a, which is located in the vicinity of Al-Madina, and was always filled with filth. This well was situated in a low-lying area and the rainwater would carry all the dirt and garbage into it. These words are certainly about this well.

[5]           The collectors of Hadith: Abu Da'ud, At-Tirmidhi, and An-Nasa'i.

[6]           His name is Suday bin 'Ajlan, one of the Sahaba who reported many Ahadith. He lived in Egypt then moved to Hims (now in Syria) and died there at the age of 81 or 86 years.

[7]           Some of the people remark that water may be less or more in quantity, if filth alters its one quality out of three (its colors, odor and taste), it would become impure. But the proper view in this connection is that if water is less than 227 kilograms (two Qulla) then mere filth makes it impure, whether there is a change in any one of its quality or not, but when water is more than the said quantity, it does not get impure, until there is a change at least in one quality.

[8]           He was among the most ascetic and most knowledgeable Sahaba. He became a Muslim at Makka while a small boy, and mi grated to Al-Medina. He first participated in the battle of Al-Khandaq, died in 73AH, and was buried at Dhi Tuwa.

[9]           Qulla is a large earthen pot, which may contain water up to two and a half water-skins, viz., and one hundred and thirteen kilograms.

[10]         It means less quantity of water; if water is in abundance, it will be regarded as flowing water, which is not an impure one and is good for bathing. It has been prohibited to urinate in the stagnant water on the ground that one may not make it a habit and pollute the water. Condition of the stagnant water is only because flowing water is always clean and never becomes impure, even dirt and filth do not make it impure.

[11]         This man is one of the Sahaba, and failure to mention his name does not harm because the Sahaba are all trust worthy.

[12]         He is ‘Abdullah bin 'Abbas bin 'Abdul-Muttalib, the Prophet's cousin and the scholar of the Muslim Ummah. He was born 3 years before Al-Hijra and died at Ta'if in 67 AH.

[13]         This Hadith apparently seems to be in contradiction with the first, but actually it is not, because the order is not of absolute prohibition, but is only of suggestive prohibition to avoid any trace of impurity.

[14]         It must be clear that just to clean a thing from impurity, it is not necessary to wash a for seven times. The philosophy of cleaning a thing for seven times is different from that of simple purification. Physicians of today say that mostly in the intestines of dogs there are germs and small worms approximately 4 mm. in length, and these move out from intestines with the excrement and stick to the hair around the anus· When dogs clean this place with tongue, it gets soiled with these organisms If a dog licks a pot or someone kisses the dog, as the European and American ladies do, these ate transferred from dog to the pot or to the mouth of the woman and then to the stomach These organisms keep on moving, and penetrate into blood cells causing many fatal diseases· As the detection of these germs is not possible without microscopic tests, the Shari'a (Islamic law) declared the dog's saliva an inherently impure thing by a general command, and whatever a thing is polluted with dog's saliva, must be cleaned seven times (which in one time should be with the soil) to be sure of its purity. For more details please see the footnotes of the book Ahkam-ul-Ahsan, Sharh Umdat-ul-Ahkam].

[15]         He is Al-Harith bin Rib'i Al-Ansari, the prophet's horseman. He fought the battle of Uhud and those, which followed. It is said he died at Al-Madina or Kufa in 54H

[16]         Abu Da’ud, Tirmidhi, Nasa’i and Ibn Majah·

[17]         He was the Prophet’s servant from the time he came to Al-Madina till his death. He is known as Abu Hamza and was Khazraji· He lived in Basra during Umar's Caliphate and died in it at the age of 99 or 103 years in 91 or 92 or 93 H.

[18]         This Hadith proves that earth gets pure when dried up, as Ibn Abi Shaiba has narrated, specially when you let the water flow over the spot.

[19]         Al-Bukhari and Muslim

[20]         It is evident from this Hadith that if a fly drops into water or syrup, it will not become impure, and the creatures of this family who's blood does not flow, like mosquito, wasp and spider, etc, do not make the water impure if fallen or died into it.

[21]         His name is Al-Harith bin 'Auf and is a descendant of Banu 'Aamir bin Laith. He became a Muslim very early and is counted among the people of Al-Madina. It is said that he fought at Badr, lived in Makka and died in it in 65H or 68H at the age· of 57 and was buried at Funj.

[1]           He is nicknamed Abu Abdullah, both him and his father were Sahaba and he became famous for being the confidant of the Prophet (PBUH) He died at Midian (Madain) forty nights after the killing of 'Uthman in the year 35H or 36 H.

[2]           This Hadith is mentioned here with a purpose to clarify that if it is prohibited to eat and drink in gold and silver utensils, then performing ablution is also prohibited with using gold and silver utensils, otherwise this Hadith would have been placed in the chapter of eating and drinking Eating, drinking and performing ablution in utensils studded with rubies and diamonds is permissible

[3]           Al-Bukhari and Muslim

[4]           She is Hind bint Abu 'Umaiya. She was married to Abu Salama, she immigrated with him to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and came with him to Al-Madina When Abu Salama died from an injury, he had sustained during the battle of Uhud the Prophet (PBUH) married her in Shawwal 4 H· It is said that she died in 59H or 62 H at the age of 84 years and was buried at Al-Baqi'.

[5]           This Hadith approves that a hide, after tanning becomes pure and clean, may be the hide is of an animal which is (haram) prohibited to eat or (halal) lawful to eat and whether the animal is slaughtered or died. But the skins of human beings and some of the animals are unlawful and not permitted for use. The skin of man is unlawful due to his sacredness and reverence and the skins of animals like dog and pig are unlawful and not permitted for use because they are inherently impure and unclean. It should also be remembered that hair, teeth and horns of permitted animals are also lawful for use and trade.

[6]           He is nicknamed Abu Sinan of Hudhali tribe. He is considered as a resident of Basra and Al-Hasan Al-Basri took the Hadith from him.

[7]           He is a Sahabi (Companion of the Prophet PBUH.) descending from Khushain bin An-Nimir of Quda'a tribe. He was one of the Ashab Ash-Shajara who entered a covenant with the Prophet (PBUH) on the day of Al-Hudaibiya. He was sent to his people and they accepted Islam. He settled in Sham and died there in 75H.

[8]           This Hadith makes it clear that if the utensils from a Muslim are available then the utensils of a non-Muslim should not be used for eating, drinking or cooking. If it is certain about a non-Muslim that he does not eat something unlawful or prohibited, then his utensils may be used, but even then one should be careful.

[9]           He is nicknamed Abu Nujeid and is from the Khuza'a tribe. He accepted Islam in the year of Khaibar. He settled in Basra and died there in 52H or 53H.

[10]         This Hadith clarifies that such utensils of the polytheists may be used without any hesitations, about which there is no probability of being impure.

[11]         This Hadith proves that if this much amount of gold or silver is present m any utensil, then making ablution with it or eating and drinking in it is not prohibited.

[1]           Making of vinegar from wine by adding something in it is prohibited.

[2]           He is Zaid bin Sahl bin Al-Aswad bin Haram Al-Ansari An-Najari who was one of the senior Sahaba. He attended the 'Aqaba Covenant and all the battles. He fought bravely during the battle of Uhud and defended the Prophet (PBUH) till his hand got paralyzed. He also killed 20 men in the battle of Hunain. He died in the year 34 H. or 51 H.

[3]           Leftover water of a donkey is pure and usable

[4]           He is 'Amr bin Kharija bin Al-Muntafiq Al-Asadi. He was an ally of Abu Sufyan. He is regarded as being from the clan of Al-Ash'ar. He is among the Sahaba who settled in Sham and this Hadith was reported by the people of Basra.

[5]           From this Hadith we come to know that the saliva of a Halal [lawful to eat] animal is also pure. This Hadith was approved by the Prophet PBUH.

[6]           She is the daughter of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq and the Prophet (PBUH) married her 2 years before the Hijra in the month of Shawwal, but wedded her in 1 H. at the age of9 years. She was very learned and reported many Ahadith. She died on 17 Ramadan 57 H or 58 H. Abu Huraira (RAA) offered her Funeral prayer and she was buried at Al-Baqi'.

[7]           There is a difference of opinion concerning the human semen, whether it is impure or not. Some religious elites consider it like saliva or nasal secretion, and according to others it is necessary to wash it. Former group gives its reason from the Hadith of scraping it when dried, and the latter group argues from the Hadith of washing the semen. In fact, semen is impure and it must be cleaned by washing, scraping, rubbing or wiping. (See the book Nail-ul-Autar by Imam Shaukani)

[8]           His name is Iyya’d. He was a manumitted slave and servant of the Prophet (PBUH). Ibn Abdul-Bar said that he was reported to be lost and nobody knew where he died.

[9]           It means that there is difference in the urine of a boy and a girl. In the suckling period, girl's urine is more impure than the boy's urine.

[10]         She is the mother of' Abdullah bin Az-Zubair and the elder sister of' Aisha. She became a Muslim very early in Makka and migrated to Al-Madina. She died less than a month after the killing of her son Ibn Az-Zubair in 73H at the age of about 100 years, yet she neither lost a tooth nor had any mental problem.

[11]         Khaula bint Yasar was a Sahabiya and Abu Salama bin 'Abdur-Rahman narrated the Hadith from her.

[1]           It means that the use of Siwak (tooth cleaning stick from the tree or the toothbrush) with every ablution is Sunna [the way of the noble Prophet PBUH] and the Hadith reported by Muslim tells us that Siwak should be used before every prayer. It means that if anybody is going to offer prayers with ablution performed previously, even then he should use Siwak. These Ahadith prove extreme emphasis on the constant use of Siwak for the cleaning of teeth. It is Sunna (supererogatory) and not Wajib (compulsory).

[2]           Humran bin Aban was caught by Khalid bin Al-Walid in a war during Abu Bakr's caliphate, and he sent him to serve 'Uthman who freed him. He is trustworthy of the 2nd grade in the reporting of Ahadith. He died in 75 H.

[3]           The third Guided Caliph. He accepted Islam early and married Ruqaiya and then Umm Kulthum, daughters of the Prophet (PBUH) and was therefore nicknamed Dhun-Nuirain (the possessor of the two lights, i.e. the daughters of the Prophet h PBUH). He was killed as a martyr on Friday, 18th Dhul Hijja, 35H.

[4]           In this Hadith washing of face, hands and feet is stated to be done three times each, whereas in others, two times and one time washing is regarded as enough. Imam Nawawi has written the consensus of opinions that washing once is Fard (obligatory).

[5]           The fourth Guided Caliph. He fought all the battles except Tabuk, for the Prophet (PBUH) had left him as in charge in Al-Madina. An evildoer called 'Abdur-Rahman bin Muljam killed him as a martyr on Friday morning 17th Ramadan 40 H. at Kufa.

[6]           It means that wiping of head (doing Mash) only once is obligatory.

[7]           He was an Ansari belonging to Bani Mazin from An-Najar clan. He fought at Uhud and killed Musailima Al-Kadhdhab together with Wahshi on Al-Yamama Day. He was killed on the day of Al-Harrah in 63 H.

[8]           This Hadith tells us that Mash (wiping) of head should be started from the front.

[9]           He is the son of' Amr bin Al'-Aas Al-Qurashi. He became a Muslim before his father who was older than him by 13 years. He was an Aalim (learned), memorized Ahadith and was very pious. He died in the 63 H. or 70 H.

[10]         It means that ears are to be wiped internally and externally. The side close to the head is external and near the face is internal. Tirmidhi after narrating the Hadith concerning wiping of ears internally and externally, says that religious scholars follow the same practice.

[11]         Spending the night of Satan inside the nostrils of a man is plausible, but its actual state is better known to Allah and His Messenger. May be this is a figurative expression, because bad excretions gather in the nose and cause laziness, indolence, slackness and negligence. All these states are satanic dispositions

[12]         It means that hands should not be dipped in the ablution water container, as the word 'ablution' is present in some of the Ahadith narrated by Bukhari. Allamah Ibn Hajar, in his book Fath Al-Bari, says: Though this Hadith apparently seems to be related with the utensils of ablution but it includes all other utensils and bathing water containers. But if there is a big pool or tank of water then it is permissible to put hands in it

[13]         It means that the fingers of hands and feet should be washed completely and carefully.

[14]         Abu Da’ud, Tirmidhi, Nasa’i and Ibn Majah

[15]         During the performance of ablution, combing of beard with fingers is Sunnah (supererogatory) and not Wajib (compulsory).

[16]         In some Ahadith, a full Mudd has been mentioned. One Mudd is a little more than six hundred grams. This is the least quantity of water mentioned for ablution; otherwise it will be very difficult to perform ablution with small amount of water. Maximum limit of water has not been ordained, any amount of water may be used for ablution and bath, but water should not be wasted

[17]         It may have more than one meaning. It may mean washing of limbs more than the minimum limits, for example, washing of hands up to shoulders and washing of feet up to knees; Abu Huraira RAA assumes this meaning. It may also mean that every limb should be washed three times, instead of washing it for one time -- the minimum limit for washing. It may also mean to perform ablution again and again or to remain with ablution all the time.

[18]         This mode of action of the noble Prophet PBUH was for noble actions, for other actions like coming out of mosque and entering a toilet etc., one should put his left feet first.

[19]         Abu Da’ud, Tirmidhi, Nasa’i and Ibn Majah

[20]         Abu Abdullah or Abu Iesa, Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba bin Mas'ud Ath-Thaqafi was a prominent Sahabi. He became a Muslim in the year of the Khandaq (trench) and migrated. He first participated in Al-Hudaibiya. He died in 50 H. in Kufa

[21]         This Hadith makes it clear that wiping over turban (cap) is also correct. There are two forms of it. First, to wipe partly on the turban and partly on the head. There is no difference of opinion on this form of action. Secondly, to wipe only on turban. There is a difference of opinion on this, but this is also proved by Sahih Hadith narrated by Tirmidhi

[22]         Jabir was an Ansari from Sulami clan and he was nicknamed Abu 'Abdullah. He was among the eminent Sahaba. He fought at Badr though some said that he did not witness neither Badr nor Uhud, but took part in those battles that followed them. He was also at Siffin. He was among the memorizers of many Ahadith. He became blind towards the end of his life, and died in 74 H at the age of 94 years. It is reported that he was the last Sahabi to die at Al-Madina.

[23]         Noble Quran has mentioned As-Safa in the first place between As-Safa and Al-Marwa. The

Noble Prophet (PBUH) Started Sa'i (running between the Safa and Marwa during Hajj and 'Umrah) from the Safa side, so start ablution in the same manner, starting from washing of the face, then hands up to elbows; then wipe the head and wash the feet.

[24]         In this Hadith the word (bada) has been used in Arabic text, in the sense of giving information instead of order

[25]         In this regard, there exist contradictory Ahadith, which indicate opposing views about saying (Bismillah) before performing ablution. Correct answer of this issue is to say Bismillah is Sunna.

[26]         He is Sa'id bin Zaid bin 'Amr Al-Qurashi, nicknamed Abu Al-A'war and is one of the ten who were promised Paradise. He accepted Islam very early and was married to Fatima, the sister of 'Umar, and they were both instrumental to 'Umar becoming a Muslim. He fought all the battles except Badr, because he was away looking for the caravan. He died in 51 H. and was buried at Al-Baqi'.

[27]         He is Abu Muhammad or Abu 'Abdullah Talha bin Musarrif. He was a reliable Tabi'i (see glossary) of the 5th grade. He was a righteous reciter of the Quran, and died in 112 H. His father Musarrif is unknown and that has made this Hadith Da'if

[28]         He is called Ka'b bin 'Amr or Amr bin Ka'b bin Juhdub Al-Yami -- descending from a Yamani tribe called Yam of Hamadan. Ibn 'Abdul-Bar said he (Ka'b) settled in Kufa and is a Sahabi.

[29]         It means that the noble Prophet (PBUH), used to take water separately for cleaning the nose and rinsing the mouth. According to the author, this Hadith is Da'if (weak). According to Al-Bukhari and Muslim, the noble Prophet PBUH used a single handful of water for cleaning the nose and rinsing the mouth. Imam Nawawi has stated its five forms and regarded sound the one, Al-Bukhari and Muslim has stated.

[30]         This Hadith makes it clear that washing of the whole foot is obligatory. In a Hadith recorded by Muslim, it is stated that it is Fire for that part of the foot, which is dry. In this Hadith, there is repudiation for those who consider the Mash (wiping) of foot as proper and acceptable; or those who consider the Mash (wiping) and Ghusl (washing) both compulsory; or those who consider Mash and Ghusl both permissible.

[31]         One Mudd is equal to six hundred grams approx., and one Sa' is equal to a little more than two and a half kilograms, and this is the least quantity to be used. It means that one should be very careful in the use of water.

[32]         One Sa ' is equivalent to 4 Mudd or 2660 grams

[33]         The second Guided Caliph who was unique throughout history. He filled the world with wisdom, justice and conquests. He was Qurash's ambassador during the Jahiliya (ignorance) period. He accepted Islam in Dhul Hijja, the 6th year of the Prophet-hood and fought all the battles. He made conquests in Iraq, Persia, Sham, Egypt and other places. He was killed by Abu Lu'lu'a, a slave of Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba and died as a martyr on 1st Muharram 24H.

[1]           Mash (wiping) over the socks is conditioned. One should have put on the socks after performing ablution, if socks have been worn without performing an ablution then wiping over the socks is not permissible.

[2]           It means that the religious commands and prohibitions are based on Revelation and not on prudence. One cannot accept or reject the orders on their comprehension or incomprehension. It does not mean that the commands and prohibitions of religion are against the intellect and wisdom. It also proves that in the presence of a Sahih (authentic and sound) Hadith, giving a verdict against it is not allowed, that is why it has been clarified in Islamic Jurisprudence and its principles.

[3]           Safwan bin ‘Assal Al-Muradi Al-Jumali was a well-known Sahabi who had accompanied the Prophet (PBUH) in twelve Ghazwat (expeditions). He settled at Kufa and it is said that among the Sahaba, only 'Abdullah bin Mas’ud reported a Hadith from him.

[4]           Mash (wiping) over the socks is right, and permitted by Ahadith. There are more than eighty (80) Companions of the noble Prophet (PBUH) who have narrated and spoke about this topic. 'Ashra-e-Mubashshara (ten most pious companions of the noble Prophet PBUH, who were given the glad tiding of Paradise in this world) are also included in the list of reporters. Ibn 'Abdul-Barr has related the consensus of opinion concerning this issue.

[5]           It means that Mash (wiping) is allowed for a traveler up to three days and for a resident up to thirty-four hours. The time period for Mash starts from the nullification of ablution and not from the time of wearing the socks. The way of carrying out Mash (wiping) is to soak the hands with water and starting from the fingers, drawing it up to the calf of the leg. After the completion of permitted time and by passing of the wind, urine, etc., Mash nullifies, and is also cancelled by all those things, which cancel or nullify the ablution.

[6]           He is Thawban bin Bujdud bin Jahdar, who was nicknamed Abu 'Abdullah. He was an inhabitant of As-Surat, which is a place between Makka and Al-Madina. It was also said that he was from Himyar. He stayed with the Prophet (PBUH) throughout his life, then settled in Sham and later on moved to Hims, in which he died in 54 H.

[7]           In Arabic text the word Asa'ib stands for a bandage, which is used for dressing of wounds; or in case of broken leg or arm, over the wooden strips around the broken bone.

[8]           ‘If he so wishes' means within the permitted time for Mash (wiping). After the completion of Mash time, it is a must to take off the socks and perform ablution afresh and wash the feet too and put on the socks again then the time for Mash will start anew.

[9]           His name is Nufai' bin Al-Harith or bin Al-Masuh. He descended from Ta'if Fort together with a group of slaves and became a Muslim, whereupon the Prophet (PBUH) freed him. He was among the virtuous Sahaba and died at Basra in 51 H or 52 H.

[10]         Ubai bin 'Imara was a Sahabi from the Ansar of Al-Madina. He settled in Egypt. Ibn Hibban said, "He prayed to the two Qiblah, but I do not take his report as a complete chain of narrators."

[11]         Sanad (transmitted chain) of this Hadith is not sound. That Hadith in which the period of one day (twenty-four hours) for a resident and three days for a traveler is granted is sound.

[12]         This Hadith was not taken as evidence for its weakness and for contradicting the sound and good Hadith that fixed the durations. An-Nawawi has mentioned in Sharh Al- Muhadhdhab that the Imam have agreed on the weakness of this Hadith and Ahmad said, " Its narrators are unknown."