Sharh-ul-Usool ath-Thalaathah : Lesson 43 (Part B) & Lesson 44 (Part A)
Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]
Imaam Muhammad ibn ‘Abdul-Wahhaab (rahimahullaah) said:
والهجرة فريضة على هذه الأمة من بلد الشرك إلى بلد الإسلام ، وهي باقية إلى أن تقوم الساعة
Hijrah, from the land of shirk to the land of Islaam, is an obligation upon this nation and it continues until the Hour is established.[64]
[64] Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzan’s Explanation :
Hijrah is joined along with jihaad in Allaah’s cause and it is an obligation which remains, it is not being abrogated. It is obligatory upon every Muslim who needs to perform Hijrah that he should perform Hijrah. And it is not permissible for the Muslim to remain in the lands of kufr when he is not able to make his religion apparent; so then it is obligatory upon him to migrate to the lands of the Muslims. So it is an obligation which remains, because of his sallallaahu`alaihi wa sallam saying:
لا تنقطع الهجرة حتى تنقطع التوبة ، ولا تنقطع التوبة حتى تخرج الشمس من مغرﺑﻬا
Hijrah will not be cut off until repentance is cut off and repentance will not be cut off until the sun rises from its place of setting.»[1]
Imaam Muhammad ibn ‘Abdul-Wahhaab (rahimahullaah) said:
The proof is His Saying, the Most High:
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنتُمْ ۖ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ قَالُوا أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا فِيهَا ۚ فَأُولَٰئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا
إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا
فَأُولَٰئِكَ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا
«As for those whose souls the angels take in a state of having earned Allaah’s anger, the angels will say to them: ‘In what condition were you?’ They will say: We were weakened (by the great numbers and strength of the people of shirk) in our land.’ They will reply: ‘Was not Allaah’s earth spacious so that you could make hijrah therein? These people will find their abode in Hell and what an evil destination that is.
Except for those who were rendered weak from the men, women and children who were unable to migrate or find a way to do so.
As for such people, Allaah will certainly pardon them and Allaah is ever One who pardons and forgives the sins of His servants.» [4:97-99] [65]
Shaykh Fawzan quoted the 100th ayah as well :
وَمَن يُهَاجِرْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَجِدْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُرَاغَمًا كَثِيرًا وَسَعَةً ۚ وَمَن يَخْرُجْ مِن بَيْتِهِ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ۗ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
He who emigrates (from his home) in the Cause of Allah, will find on earth many dwelling places and plenty to live by. And whosoever leaves his home as an emigrant unto Allah and His Messenger, and death overtakes him, his reward is then surely incumbent upon Allah. And Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. [4:100]
[65] Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzan’s Explanation :
These two aayaat contain a threat against abandoning performing the hijrah when the person is able to perform it – and that his abode will be the Hellfire – what an evil destination. Even though he does not exit from Islaam – this is from the nusoos al-wa`eed (the texts which contain a threat). So, if he abandons the hijrah, then he has abandoned something obligatory and he will be sinful. However, he does not exit from Islaam through abandonment of the hijrah, but there is a severe threat upon him.
Then, Allaah explains in the aayah after it, the excuse by which the obligation of the hijrah falls away. He, the Most High, said:
إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ
«Except for those who were rendered weak from the men, the women and wildaan (children).» [4:98]
wildaan Meaning: the children.
لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً
«Who were unable to migrate» [4:98]
They do not possess the ability.
وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا
«Or find a way to do so» [4:98]
Meaning: they do not know the way to the land – the city – because hijrah requires (a person) to make a journey, otherwise (it may be the case) that a person dies during the journey if he does not know the way.
So therefore their excuse is in two matters:
- Firstly: Those who were not able to carry it out.
- Secondly: Those who do not know the way.
So even if they have the financial capability, but do not have awareness of the way that they could follow, someone to guide them upon the way – this is the correct excuse. As for the person who has the capability and knows the way, then there is no excuse for him.
Imaam Muhammad ibn ‘Abdul-Wahhaab (rahimahullaah) said:
And His saying, He the Most High:
يَا عِبَادِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنَّ أَرْضِي وَاسِعَةٌ فَإِيَّايَ فَاعْبُدُونِ
«O My servants who believe! Indeed My earth is spacious, so worship Me alone.» [29:56]
قال البغوي رحمه الله : سبب نزول هذه الآية في المسلمين الذين بمكة ولم يهاجروا ، ناداهم الله باسم الإيمان
al-Baghawee (rahimahullaah) said: “The reason for the sending down of this aayah concerns the Muslims who were in Makkah and did not migrate; Allaah addressed them with the title of eemaan.”
: والدليل على الهجرة من السنة قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم
» لا تنقطع الهجرة حتى تنقطع التوبة ، ولا تنقطع التوبة حتى تطلع الشمس من مغرﺑﻬا «
The proof for the hijrah found in the Sunnah is his sallallaahu`alaihi wa sallam saying:
«Hijrah will not be discontinued until repentance is discontinued, and repentance will not be discontinued until the sun rises from its place of setting.»[66]
[66] Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzan’s Explanation :
This aayah is from Soorah al-`Ankaboot. It contains a command to migrate and that the earth of Allaah is spacious. So, if you are in a land where you are not able to make your religion apparent, in that case Allaah’s earth is spacious, so move away from it. Do not remain in the bad part; rather leave it and go somewhere in Allaah’s spacious earth. Allaah, the Perfect and Most High, has made the earth spacious. The proof for the hijrah found in the Sunnah is his sallallaahu`alaihi wa sallam saying:
»لا تنقطع الهجرة حتى تنقطع التوبة ، ولا تنقطع التوبة حتى تطلع الشمس من مغرﺑﻬ ا «
«Hijrah will not be discontinued until repentance is discontinued, and repentance will not be discontinued until the sun rises from its place of setting.»[2]
As for his sallallaahu`alaihi wa sallam‘s saying:
» لا هجرة بعد الفتح «
«There is no migrating after the conquest (of Makkah).»[3]
What is apparent from the hadeeth is that the migrating came to an end after the conquest of Makkah. Some people think that there is a contradiction between the hadeeth and between his sallallaahu`alaihi wa sallam saying:
»لا تنقطع الهجرة حتى تنقطع التوبة ، ولا تنقطع التوبة حتى تطلع الشمس من مغرﺑﻬا«
«Hijrah will not be discontinued until repentance is discontinued, and repentance will not be discontinued until the sun rises from its place of setting.»[4]
However, the people of knowledge respond to his hadeeth (by saying) that what is meant by «there is no migrating after the conquest» is (no migrating) from Makkah, since through the conquest, it became an abode of Islaam. The people thought that migrating remained from Makkah after the conquest so they wished to attain the reward of migrating. As for migrating from the land of disbelief, then it remains until the Hour is established. The proof is the previous aayaat and the previous prophetic hadeeth. This is the response to this difficulty.
Footnotes:
[1] Reported by Aboo Daawood no. 2479 and Ahmad from a hadeeth of Mu`aawiyyah ibn Abee Sufyaan, radiyallaahu `anhumaa.
[2] Reported by Aboo Daawood no. 2479 and Ahmad from a hadeeth of Mu`aawiyyah ibn Sufyaan, radiyallaahu `anhumaa. [It was declared saheeh by al-Albaanee].
[3] Reported by al-Bukhaaree no. 2783 and Muslim no. 1353 from a hadeeth of ibn `Abbaas, radiyallaahu `anhumaa, and reported by Muslim no. 1864 from a hadeeth of `Aa.ishah, radiyallaahu `anhaa.
[4] Reported by Aboo Daawood no. 2479 and Ahmad from a hadeeth of Mu`aawiyyah ibn Sufyaan, radiyallaahu `anhumaa. [It was declared saheeh by al-Albaanee].
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Sharh-ul-Usool-ith-Thalaathah. Explanation of the Three Fundamental Principles of Imaam Muhammad ibn ‘Abdil-Wahhaab by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan hafizahullaah. Translated by Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah
Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah
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Sharh Usool-ith-Thalaathah – Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank
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