Hypocrisy in Belief (Nifaaq I’tiqaadee) and Hypocrisy in Action (Nifaaq ‘Amaliy) – Sharh as-Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 30 : Point 38
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

Imaam Barbahaaree rahimahullaah said:

And hypocrisy (an-nifaaq) is to display Islaam upon the tongue whilst hiding disbelief (al-kufr) in the heart.

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

An-nifaaq (hypocrisy) is to show outwardly that which is good and to conceal inwardly that which is evil. And it (nifaaq; hypocrisy) is of two categories:

The first of them being:

Nifaaqun I`tiqaadiyy (hypocrisy of belief) and this is kufrun akbar (major disbelief). And the hypocrite; munaafiq is worse than the kaafirun asliyy (original disbeliever) because the original disbeliever, it is well known about him that he is a disbeliever; kaafir and that he is an enemy. However, the munaafiq (the hypocrite), he deceives the Muslims and he manifests that he is from them when he is actually an enemy to them. He manifests openly that he is a Muslim whilst when he is actually a kaafir (a disbeliever).

He the Most High said:

They try to deceive Allaah and those who believe but they do not actually deceive except their ownselves whilst they do not perceive. (Sooratul-Baqarah (2), aayah 9)

And therefore, Allaah will put them in the lowest depths of the Fire beneath the worshippers of the idols and the kuffaar (disbelievers) because they are worse than the disbelievers. And therefore, He, the Majestic and Most High said with regard to them:

They (the hypocrites), they are the enemy so beware of them, may Allaah curse them, how do they deviate away from the truth? [01] (Sooratul-Munaafiqoon (63), aayah 4)

An-Nifaaqun I`tiqaadiyy (hypocrisy of belief) is that which eemaan (true faith) can never combine with.

The second type is:

An-Nifaaqun `Amaliyy (hypocrisy in actions); it is that a person is a believer; a mu`min outwardly and inwardly. However, some characteristics come from him from the characteristics of the hypocrites, which render his eemaan deficient and there is a severe threat for it. However, he does not exit from the religion. It is called an-nifaaqun `amaliyy (hypocrisy in action) and it is called an-nifaaq ul-asghar (the lesser hypocrisy).

And the like of this is occurs in his saying sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam:

“There are four things, whoever has them all in him then he will be a pure hypocrite and whoever has a single characteristic from them then he will have a characteristic of hypocrisy till he abandons it. When he talks, he lies and when he makes a promise, he breaks it and when he is trusted, he proves treacherous and when he argues, he speaks in a foul manner.” [02]

So with regard to the believer, then hypocrisy in action may appear from him and it will be a deficiency in his eemaan and he will be deserving of the threat, however, he does not depart from the religion on account of that. [03]

And this hypocrisy in action is ar-riya (performing deeds to show off), which Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam feared for his companions and he called it lesser shirk. So he said: “That which I fear most for you is lesser shirk.” So they said: “And what is lesser shirk, Oh Messenger of Allaah?” So he said:

“It is ar-riya (acting to show off). Allaah will say on the Day of Resurrection when the people are recompensed for their deeds; go to those people whom you used to show off to in the world and look and see, do you find any recompense with them and any reward with them?” [04]

And he sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said: “Shall I not inform you of that which is more fearful with me upon you than AlMaseehud-Dajjaal?” So they said: “Yes indeed.” So he said: “It is hidden shirk that a man stands up and prays and he beautifies his prayer because of the fact that he sees a man looking at him.” [05]

So when this person prays in the presence of the people, he adorns his prayer and when he prays in his house or in a place when he is unseen, he prays very quickly. Then this is what the Companions used to fear for themselves severely. So, no-one can declare himself to be totally free and innocent of it. So a person should fear it and therefore they said with regard to this:

“No-one fears it except for a true believer and no-one feels secure from it except for a hypocrite.”

So the Muslim fears for himself from this hypocrisy, which is lesser hypocrisy.

His saying, “And hypocrisy is that he manifests Islaam upon his tongue and he hides disbelief in the heart”, this is the definition of an-nifaaqun i`tiqaadiyy (hypocrisy in belief) and it is an-nifaaqun akbar (major hypocrisy) and eemaan cannot combine with this. So it will never occur from a mu`min (a believer).

And Allaah, the Majestic and Most High at the start of Sooratul-Baqarah divided mankind into three categories :

(1) believers; mu’mineen outwardly and inwardly ,
(2) disbelievers; kuffaar outwardly and inwardly and
(3) the hypocrites; munaafiqeen; those who manifest Islaam outwardly but hide disbelief.

So, He, the Perfect said in the Qur’aan:

Alif-Laam-Meem. This is the Book about which there is no doubt, it is a guidance for the people of Taqwaa (dutiful to Allaah), those who truly believe in the ghaib (hidden and the unseen) and who establish the prayer and who spend from that which we have given them and those who truly believe in that which was sent down to you (Muhammad) and who believe in that which came down before you and those who truly believe in the Hereafter. They are upon guidance from their Lord and they are the ones who will prosper. (Sooratul-Baqarah (2), aayah 1-5)

These aayahs are with regard to the believers; mu’mineen, those who are believers outwardly and inwardly. As for the disbelievers; outwardly and inwardly and Allaah said with regard to them in the following aayahs:

He, the Most High said:

Those who disbelieve, it is the same for them whether you warn them or do not warn them, they will not believe. Allaah has put a seal upon their hearts and upon their hearing and upon their sight there is a covering and there will be a tremendous punishment for them. (Sooratul-Baqarah (2), aayah 6-7)

Then He said with regard to the 3rd category; the hypocrites:

And from the people, there are those who say we believe in Allaah and in the Last Day but they are not believers. They attempt to deceive Allaah and those who believe but they do not actually deceive except themselves whilst they do not perceive….

Up until His saying, He, the Most High:

Deaf , dumb and blind so they will not return to the truth. (Sooratul-Baqarah (2), aayah 8-18)

So these aayahs are with regard to the hypocrites; the munaafiqeen and they are ten and odd aayahs.

His saying, “The hypocrite is the one who manifests Islaam upon his tongue and hides disbelief in the dameer; heart.” Ad-dameer means that which he conceals within the heart. [06]

Footnotes:

[01 Shaykh Saalih as-Suhaymee hafizahullaah said,

“Indeed there has come down with regard to them (the hypocrites) a soorah which is specifically about them, which is called Sooratul-Munaafiqoon; 63rd soorah and it from its start to its end speaks about their shameful deeds just as Allaah, the Most High also exposed them in other soorahs as occurs in Sooratul-Noor, 24th soorah, and Sooratut-Towbah the 9th soorah to the extent that this soorah is called Al-Faadeehah (the exposing soorah) because it exposes the hypocrites and also Sooratul-Ahzaab; 33rd soorah and some parts of Sooratul-Baqarah and some parts of Soorah-Aali `Imraan.”

[02] Reported by Al Bukhaariyy (34) and Muslim (58) from a hadeeth of Abdullaah ibn Amr radiyAllaahu `anhuma.

[03] Shaykh Saalih As Suhaymee hafizahullaah said,

“And this type of hypocrisy; nifaaqun `amaliyy (hypocrisy with regard to actions) does not take the person outside the fold of Islaam even though the seriousness of its sin is great because it may lead over time to falling into hypocrisy in belief and Allaah’s refuge is sought, Aameen. And all of it is evil and hypocrisy is blameworthy from every angle and therefore there has never been any movement against Islaam and against the Muslims except that the hypocrites were found within their ranks; either aiding them with material or by laying down plans for them, plotting for them or by preparing the way for them or by making false promises until Allaah, the Exalted and Most High exposed them.”

[04] Reported by Imaam Ahmad in his Musnad, al-Bayhaqiyy in Shu`b al-Eemaan, al-Bagawiyy in SharhusSunnah from a hadeeth of Mahmood ibn Labeeb radiyAllaahu `anh and al-Mundhiriyy said in his book AtTargeeb Wa At-Tarheeb, “its chain of narration is good.” Shaykh al-Albaaniyy said in his checking of AtTargeeb Wa At-Tarheeb, “saheeh (authentic).”

[05] Reported by Imaam Ahmad in his Musnad, ibn Maajah in his Sunan, at-Tahaawiyy in Sharh Mushkili alAathaar, ibn Adiyy and a number of others, at-Tabariyy in Tahdheebu al-Aathaar, al-Haakim and others from a hadeeth of Aboo Sa`eed al-Khudriyy radiyAllaahu `anh. This hadeeth was declared saheeh by atTahaawiyy and al-Haakim and ad-Dhaahabi agreed and al-Boosayriyy declared it hasan in his Misbaah AzZujaajah; al-Boosayriyy`s notes on his checking of ibn Maajah. Shaykh al-Albaaniyy said in his checking of ibn Maajah, “this hadeeth is hasan (good).”

[06] Translator’s side point: Shaykh Ahmad an-Najmee rahimahullaah said in his explanation,

An-nifaaq (hypocrisy) is derived from an-nafq, which means al-juhr; literally animal burrow or a tunnel, which is found in the earth and it is called that because the person who has it has hypocrisy. He makes apparent something contrary to that which he hides. And this is what is called an-nifaaqun i`tiqaadiyy; (hypocrisy in belief) and as for nifaaqun `amaliyy (hypocrisy in action) then that does not take a person outside Islaam, rather this person remains as a Muslim and this is called nifaaqun `amaliyy (hypocrisy in action) because the person with it, he manifests something contrary to what he hides does something. As for an-nifaaqun i`tiqaadiyy (hypocrisy in belief) then that is the hypocrisy of the hypocrites, those who were in the time of the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and it is to manifest Islaam whilst hiding disbelief and the person tries to guard against revealing what he actually believes and therefore Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic has informed about them that the hypocrites will be in the lowest depth of the Fire and Allaah is the one who grants success.”

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 30

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Praying in Trousers or Pants – Sharh as-Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 29 : Point 37
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

Imaam Barbahaaree rahimahullaah said:

And there is no harm in praying whilst wearing saraaweel (broad and loose trousers).

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

This word as-saraweel is in the singular.[04] So saraaweel (loose trousers), this word assaraaweel is the singular and it is something well known; it is what is worn upon the `awrah, over the private parts, that which needs to be covered from navel to knee so it is sewn to fit the lower half of the body and it has legs. The prayer is correct in saraweel (loose trousers), this is with regard to the man because the `awrah of the man is between the navel to the knee, and trousers (saraaweel), they cover that. So if a person prays in saraaweel (loose trousers), which properly cover what’s between his navel and his knee, then his prayer will be correct. As for the woman then all of her is `awrah in the prayer except for her face if she has no men who are non mahram. So if he prays in an izaar (waist wrapper) then that would be better than trousers (saraweel) or if he prays in a qamees (a shirt) reaching down to the shins then that would be even better because it will be more beautiful for the appearance.

He the Most High said:

O Children of Aadam, take your adornment at every Prayer.
(Sooratul-A`raaf (7), aayah 31)

Masjid, meaning at every Prayer.

Az-zeenah, adornment, is as Shaykhul-Islaam ibn Taymiyyah said:

“Adornment is more general just being a cover for the private parts.” [05]

Footnotes:

[04] Translator’s side point: They mentioned as occurs in Lisaanul-`Arab, this word is a word originally from Persian introduced into Arabic. And the singular term is saraaweel and the plural is saraaweelaat, meaning trousers.

[05] Translator’s side point: In this speech from Imaam al-Barbahaariyy rahimahullaah, there is some refutation of some of the categories of the Shee`ah, those who hold it is forbidden to pray in saraaweel (trousers) because they are affected from wind that comes out of the trousers. So they make it obligatory to remove the trousers when performing the Prayer.

Translator’s side point: Shaykh Ahmad an-Najmiyy rahimahullaah said in his explanation:

“I say, as for saraaweel (loose trousers), which it is permissible to pray in then they are the saraaweel (looser trousers) which cover the `awrah, those which are broad and loose upon the body such that the person is able to carry out the prayer in the most complete manner. As for if they are tight and they show off the shape of the buttocks then prayer in them would be makroo`ah (disliked) and the prayer may even be null and void if the one wearing them is not able to carry out the pillars, if he is not able to sit properly for the tashahhud and between the sajdahs. And Allaah is the one who grants success.”

Likewise Shaykh Saalih as-Suhaymiyy hafizahullaah said in his explanation of this point:

“Likewise, prayer in saraaweel (loose trousers) covers two things:

Firstly, it covers the permissibility of sufficing of wearing loose trousers if they cover and they are loose and wide. And it also contains a refutation of some of the sects of the Ismaa`eeliyys and those who follow their way because when they want to pray, it is essential upon them, they hold, to take off their trousers.”

Shaykh `Abdul `Azeez bin Baaz was asked about al-bantaloon (tighter trousers);

“Is it permissible to pray in these trousers?”

Shaykh `Abdul `Azeez Bin Baaz rahimahullaah responded,

“If the trousers saraaweel cover what’s between the navel and the knee of the man and they are waasi` (broad), they are not dayyiq (tight) then in that case the Prayer will be correct in them and what is better is that there should be a long shirt over them which covers between the navel and knee. And if it goes down to halfway down the shins or down to the ankles, that is better because that will cover better. And Prayer in an izaar (a waist wrapper) is even better than prayer in loose trousers which do not have a long shirt over them because the izaar is more complete in covering than just loose trousers.”

An answer from Shaykh Muhammad Naasiruddin al-Albaaniyy rahimahullaah that you find on some of his taped answers to the questions, he said,

“Wearing these tight trousers, bantaloon it has two problems (museebataan):

The 1st problem is:

The person wearing them will be resembling the disbelievers whereas the Muslims used to wear saraaweel (looser trousers) that were very broad and loose, which some people still wear in Syria and Lebanon. And the Muslims had not used to know about these bantaloon, these tight trousers, except when they were colonised; and then when the colonialists departed they left their evil affects behind and the Muslims took them up based upon their stupidity and their ignorance.

And, The 2nd problem is:
These tight trousers describe the shape of the `awrah.”

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 29

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Breaking the Fast during the Journey is from the Concessions of the Shariah – Sharh as-Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 29 : Point 36
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

Imaam Barbahaaree rahimahullaah said:

“And as for Fasting whilst upon a journey, then whoever wishes may Fast and whoever wishes may withhold from Fasting.”

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

From the rukhas (concessions/allowances) that Allaah has made for his servants is to withhold from Fasting in Ramadaan when upon a journey. So it is a rukhsah (concession). So whoever wishes, he can aftara (withhold) from Fasting and whoever wishes he can Fast. And if he Fasts whilst upon a journey then his Fasting will be correct because a Companion asked the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam saying that he had strength and he was able to Fast upon a journey so he asked the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam gave him permission to Fast upon the journey. [02]

So it is a concession, so an allowance has been made, it is not obligatory to do it, rather it is better to do it just like the rest of the concessions. And if the person returns to the original situation (the asl ) and Fasts then there is no harm upon that. And Allaah, the Majestic and Most High, says:

So whoever amongst you witnesses the beginning of the month (month of Ramadaan), whilst he is resident then let him Fast it and whomever is sick or upon a journey, let him Fast other days. (Sooratul-Baqarah (2), aayah 185)

And He sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam used to break his Fast upon his journeys. [03]

Footnotes:

[02] Reported by Muslim (no. 1121) from Hamzah ibn `Amr al-Aslamiyy radiyAllaahu `anh that he said, “Oh Messenger of Allah, I find that I have strength to Fast upon the journey so would there be any sin upon me?”

So Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said:

“It is a concession from Allaah so whoever takes it up then this is fine and whoever wishes to Fast then there is no sin upon him.”

[03] Reported by al-Bukhaariyy, correct reference is (no. 1944) and Muslim (no. 1113) from Ibn `Abbaas radiyAllaahu `anhumaa that Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam went out to go to Makkah in Ramadaan. So he Fasted until he reached Al-Kadeed then he broke his Fast; and the people stopped Fasting.

Translator’s side point: This was in the eighth year; it was the journey for the Conquest of Makkah. AlKadeed is a place around two riding stages from Makkah, a place around fifty-five miles from Makkah.

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 29

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Related Links: https://abdurrahman.org/category/islam/travel/

Shortening the prayer whilst upon a journey is Sunnah – Sharh as-Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 29 : Point 35
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

Imaam Barbahaaree rahimahullaah said:

“And shortening the prayer whilst upon a journey is Sunnah.”

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

From the rukhas (concessions/allowances), which the legislation came with to make things easier for the servants and to remove difficulty, is shortening the prayer whilst upon a journey and it is shortening the four rak`ah prayer and this is by the text of the Qur’aan, He, the Most High, said:

And if you travel upon the earth …
(Sooratun-Nisaa· (4), aayah 101)

Meaning saafartum; when you go on a journey.

… then there is no sin upon you if you shorten the prayer if you fear that those who disbelieve may put you to trial. (Sooratun-Nisaa (4), aayah 101)

What is apparent from the aayah is then it is not permissible to shorten the prayer except in a state of fear. However, this problem has been removed because Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam was asked:

“Why is it that we still shorten, now that we have become secure?”

So he sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said:

“That is a charity which Allaah has given to you so accept from Allaah His charity.” [01]

And he sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam used to shorten the prayer on all of his journeys; he would shorten the four rak`ahs prayer to two rak`ahs. This is the Sunnah, and whoever completes it then that is permissible, however it is in opposition to that which is better.

So shortening (al-qasr) is a concession, whoever wishes he can do it and that is better, whoever wishes, he can leave it and complete it, then there is no harm in that because completing (four rak’ahs) is the asl. And the author mentioned that because accepting the concessions of the legislation is from matters of `aqeedah and that contains a refutation of those who are mutashaddideen (over harsh); those who do not accept the legislated concessions.

Footnotes:

[01] Reported by Muslim (no. 686) from a hadeeth of `Umar ibnul-Khattaab radiyAllaahu `anhu.

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 29

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Related Links:

Moosaa’s call was directed to tawheed, NOT to gain rulership and authority – Shaykh Rabee’

Moosaa, the one to whom Allaah spoke directly, the strong and trustworthy.

We see that his call was directed to tawheed and carried the lights of guidance and wisdom. Moosaa was brought up and was raised in the palaces of the greatest tyrant who claimed divinity. He knew the various types of corruption, unbelief, tyranny, injustice and despotism from what he witnessed in the palaces. He saw things which it is difficult to imagine or think possible. He also saw the enslavement of his people, the Children of Israa’eel, and their humiliation, and their women taken as slaves, and the killing of their children, to such an extent that it surpassed any oppression known to mankind. Allaah, the Most High, says,

“Pharaoh exalted himself haughtily in the land, and divided its people into castes. He enslaved a group of them (i.e., the Children of Israa’eel), killing their sons and letting their women live. He was indeed one of the corrupt evil-doers.”[1]

The people of Pharaoh were also people of shirk and idol-worship without a doubt.

So how did Moosaa begin? Was his call directed to correction of the ‘aqeedah of this idolatrous nation? Or did it begin with a demand for the restoration of the rights of the Children of Israa’eel, and a struggle to gain rulership and authority from the hands of the tyrant, and at the head of them Pharaoh, who claimed divinity for himself?

The call of Moosaa was just like the call of his forefathers and brothers from the earlier Prophets. His Lord instructed him and inspired him with the principle of tawheed, and chose him to carry his revelation, and to establish worship of Him. Allaah, the Most High, says,

“Has not the story of Moosaa come to you? When he saw a fire and said to his family, ‘Remain where you are for I have seen a fire. Perhaps I can bring a fire-brand from it or find someone who can show us the way.’ So when Moosaa came to the fire his Lord called him, ‘O Moosaa, I am your Lord. Remove your shoes, indeed you are in the purified valley of Tuwaa. I have chosen you as My Messenger, so listen to and heed what I reveal to you. Indeed I am Allaah. None has the right to be worshipped but Me. So worship Me and do not worship anything else besides Me, and establish Prayer for My remembrance. Indeed the Final Hour is certainly coming, which I keep hidden from all except Myself, in order to reward each soul according to its good or bad deeds.’”[2]

So this was the beginning of his Messengership; he was inspired and ordered with the ‘aqeedah of tawheed. He was ordered to establish it in himself and to represent it in his life. Then he was entrusted with the duty of calling to this sublime principle and was sent by Allaah to the Pharaoh. Allaah furthermore explained to him the correct manner of giving da’wah and the wise way in which he was to face the Pharaoh. Allaah, the Most High, said: 

“Go to Pharaoh who has transgressed all bounds in his haughtiness, pride, unbelief, and say, ‘Will you not purify yourself from the sin of unbelief and be obedient to your Lord? And that I guide you to the worship of your Lord, so that you may submit fearfully to Him and obey Him.’”[3]

He also supported him with his brother Haaroon in order for the proof to be established to the utmost, and He taught them to use gentleness and mildness in da’wah since that is the best way to attain the guidance of those whom Allaah wishes to guide:

“Go both of you to Pharaoh, indeed he has transgressed beyond all bounds, and speak mildly with him that he might accept admonition and fear and be obedient to his Lord.”[4]

So they carried out the order of their Lord and called him to Allaah, hoping for him to be guided and purified, so that he should be one of those who fear Allaah and fear and beware of the evil consequences of shirk and oppression. But he did not respond to this wise and composed call. So Moosaa manifested the great signs and clear proofs of his Prophethood and the truthfulness of his Messengership. But the despotic tyrant Pharaoh merely increased in his transgression and rejection of the truth:

“But Pharaoh denied the signs which Moosaa came with and disobeyed his order for him to fear and obey his Lord. Then he turned away from what he ordered him (i.e., obedience to his Lord) and instead worked evil and corruption, and he gathered his people and his followers and said, ‘I am your lord, the most high.’ So Allaah seized him with punishment for his latter and his earlier saying.”[5] 

The Escalation of the Tyranny of the Pharaoh and how Moosaa and his People Faced it with Patient Perseverance and Forbearance

“The chiefs of Pharaoh’s people said, ‘Will you leave Moosaa and his people to cause mischief in the land when they have abandoned worship of you and worship of your gods?’ He said, ‘We will kill their sons and let their women live, and will have full power over them.’”[6]

So what was the sin of Moosaa and his people in the view of these criminals? No crime except that they called to the tawheed of Allaah and to remain firm upon it, and to disbelieve in Pharaoh and his idols. Then what was the response of Moosaa with respect to these disgraceful and outrageous transgressions which exceeded all bounds in its barbarity and ferocity?!

His response was to remain firm upon correct belief, and to have patience and forbearance, and to seek the aid of Allaah in facing these calamities. Then he awaited the good outcome, and victory as a consequence and a good fruit of this remaining firm and this patient perseverance.

“Moosaa said to his people, ‘Seeks Allaah’s help and be patient, the earth is Allaah’s, He gives it as a heritage to whom He pleases from His servants. The final outcome is in favour of those who fear Allaah by avoiding disobedience of Him and doing what He orders.’”[7]

Then when no hope that the Pharaoh and his people would believe remained, and the suffering which the Children of Israa’eel were subjected to increased in severity, the sole request which Moosaa made to the Pharaoh was that he should allow the Children of Israa’eel the freedom to leave the land of Egypt and emigrate to wherever Allaah willed that they should go, in order to save them from the torment inflicted upon them.

“So go to the Pharaoh, saying, ‘We are the Messengers sent by your Lord, to order you to free the Children of Israa’eel. So release them and cease tormenting them. Indeed we bring you a clear sign from your Lord, and peace and safety from Allaah’s punishment are for those who follow the guidance.’”[8]

It was a sublime call to the tawheed of Allaah containing light and wisdom. It was also accompanied by an eager desire for the guidance of those who were being called, and that they should be purified. It also contained a clear example of the utmost patience and forbearance in enduring great harm, and in facing tyranny and haughty oppression. It also shows the way to face the most difficult situations with wisdom and forbearance, whilst having the strongest hope in Allaah, that He will assist and grant victory to the Believers and destroy the unbelieving oppressors. Including clear lessons for those who make their call purely seeking the Face of Allaah and desire to rectify mankind and to turn to their Lord, and for them to be guided to His Straight Path.

Footnotes :

[1] Soorah al-Qasas (28):4.

[2] Soorah Taa Haa (20):9-15.

[3] Soorah an-Naazi’aat (79):17-19.

[4] Soorah Taa Haa (20):43-44.

[5] Soorah an-Naazi’aat (79):21-25.

[6] Soorah al-A’raaf (7):127.

[7] Soorah al-A’raaf (7):128.

[8] Soorah Taa Haa (20):47.

[Excerpted from the book : “The Methodology of the Prophets in Calling to Allaah – that is the way of wisdom and intelligence” – by Shaykh Rabee hafidhahullaah, translated by Dawud Burbank rahimahullah]

Download the full PDF Book:
https://abdurrahman.org/dawah/methodology-of-the-prophets-in-calling-to-allaah/

Wiping over the leather socks is Sunnah – Sharhu Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 28 : Point 34
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

And wiping over the leather socks is Sunnah.

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

“And wiping over the leather socks is Sunnah.” He stated this matter, even though it is from the matters of fiqh then it has a connection to `aqeedah. For whoever denies wiping upon the leather socks, then he will be outside the Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa`ah, contradicting the correct creed and belief; because wiping over the leather socks is established from the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam in many ahaadeeth which reach the level of being mutawaatir (reported by a huge numbers of people at every single level of transmission, so many that it would be impossible to gather together upon a lie). [05] Wiping over the leather socks is a concession and acting upon a concession is a Sunnah, because of his saying sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam, “Allaah loves that His concessions should be taken up, just as He hates that acts of disobedience to Him are committed.” [06]

So wiping over the leather socks, and wiping over whatever takes the places of the leather socks with regard to normal socks, is established in the Prophetic Sunnah. And no one disagrees about it except for the Raafidah (Shee`ah), whilst they affirm wiping upon the feet. So in the view of the Raafidah the feet are not to be washed, rather they are to be wiped over using as evidence the aayah (of wudoo):

وَامْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ

And wipe your heads and wipe your feet up to the ankles (Sooratul-Maa·idah (5), aayah 6)

And in their view the ka`baan (two ankle bones) it doesn’t mean the two well known ankle bones at the bottom of the shins, rather in their view it refers to what comes under the strap of the shoe or sandal, and it is where the foot joins the heel – that which is called the throne of the foot (i.e. the arch or ridge on top of the foot). This is the ka`b (ankle bone) in the view of the Raafidah. It is other than ka`b which is with the people of Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa`ah.

And there is no proof for them even with the recitation with kasrah in the aayah (wa arjulikum), because the well-known recitation is with it being mansoob:

Wa arjulakum’ joining it to those things (which are to be washed), ‘faghsiloo wujoohakum…’ (i.e. wash your faces and your feet).

And with regards to the recitation where there is a kasrah, then it is on account of the word being next to His saying ‘wamsahoo bi ru·oosikum’ (i.e. wipe your heads and also your feet). And the proof is that the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam used to wash his feet, and he had not used to wipe except upon the leather socks. [07]

Footnotes:

[05] Translator’s side point: Imaam an-Nawawiyy stated that some of the reports contain from eighty Companions including the ten promised Paradise.

[06] Reported by Imaam Ahmad in his Musnad, by at-Tabaraaniyy in al-Mu`jamus-Sagheer, Ibn Khuzaymah in his Saheeh and Ibn Hibbaan in his Saheeh, from the hadeeth of `Abdullaah Ibn `Umar radiyAllaahu `anhumaa. And it is declared saheeh by al-Munthiriyy in at-Targheeb wat-Tarheeb, and he declared the chain of narration of Ahmad to be authentic.

Translator’s side point: And Shaykh al-Albaaniyy in his checking of at-Targheeb wat-Tarheeb declared this hadeeth to be hasan saheeh.

[07] Translator’s side point: Shaykh Ahmad an-Najmiyy rahimahullaah said:

“Wiping over the leather socks is from the Sunnahs. And wiping upon the leather socks has entered upon the matters of creed and belief, because some of the innovators deny it; and they are the Khawaarij and the Shee`ah, using as proof that it does not occur in the Qur’aan. But it is established from the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam through the narration of a group of the Companions. And denying it has become a distinguishing sign of the people of innovations. And the Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa`ah affirm it, because of the proofs for it.”

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 28

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Related Link: 
https://abdurrahman.org/tahara-purification/

Stoning (the adulterer or adulteress) is True – Sharh as-Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 28 : Point 33
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

Imaam Barbahaaree rahimahullaah said:

And stoning is true.

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

Allaah, the Perfect and Most High, has forbidden some things relating to matters affecting peoples’ honour or relating to dealings and other than that.; and these forbidden matters are divided into categories.

– Forbidden things which are major sins
– Forbidden matters which are lesser sins

And then with regard to the punishment upon the one who commits them, they are divided into three categories.

The first category: forbidden things for which Allaah has laid down prescribed punishments. They are called al-hudood prescribed punishments from the word al-hadd (limit); it means prevention. They are called that because they prevent from falling into these sins.

The second category: forbidden things which Allaah has not laid down prescribed punishments for, however there is ta`zeer (discretionary) punishments for them; and it is left to the discretion of the ruler in accordance with whatever he sees will be a deterrent from them. And this is called ta`zeer and it is a correctional punishment.

The third category: that which does not have a laid down prescribed punishment nor does it have a discretionary punishment from those forbidden things. However, there does occur with regard to it a threat and a mention of anger and curse and Fire and other than that from the types of threat; such as consuming usury and gambling and other than that. With regard to this there is a severe threat which will deter whoever has eemaan (true faith) in his heart. And whoever does not have eemaan in his heart or he is weak in faith, then in front of him there will be a reckoning and a punishment in the Hereafter. So Allaah, the Majestic and Most High, has made forbidden these forbidden matters.

The Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said:

Allaah made obligatory duties obligatory, so do not neglect them. And He made some things forbidden, so do not commit them. And He remained silent about some things as a mercy upon you, not out of forgetfulness, so do not ask about them. [01]

And from these prescribed punishments is the prescribed punishment for fornication. And fornication is to commit illicit sexual intercourse in the private part of one not lawful for him, except through correct legislated marriage contract.

He, the Most High, said:

And those who guard their private parts, except upon their wives or the slaves whom their right hands possess. For they are not blameworthy. And whoever seeks something beyond that, then they are the transgressors. (Sooratul- Ma`aarij (70), aayah 29 – 31)

Meaning those who go beyond what is lawful and enter into that which is forbidden. So whoever enters into fornication, then he will be one of two categories. Either if he is a virgin, meaning he has not had relations with a woman in a lawful marriage which kept him chaste, he is a virgin, then his punishment will be that he will be lashed one hundred times.

He, the Most High said:

And the female fornicator and the male fornicator, lash each one of them with a hundred lashes. And let not pity deter you from obedience to Allaah, if you truly believe in Allaah and in the Last Day. And let a group of the believers witness their punishment. (Sooratun-Noor (24), aayah 2)

And there occurs in the authentic Sunnah that he should be exiled, meaning banished from his land where he committed the illicit sexual relations and sent to another land for a the period of one year. He sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said: For a virgin committing it with a virgin, then the punishment is one hundred lashes and exile for one year. [02]

So exile is confirmed in the Sunnah. As for lashing then it is established in the Qur’aan. And the scholars are agreed in consensus upon lashing, and the majority of them also agree upon exile. This is with regard to the punishment for the virgin.

As for the previously married person, and he is the one who has had relations already with the wife in a correct marriage, and he recognizes the value of peoples honour and the sanctity of peoples honour. And this person, he is stoned with stones until he dies. And this is established in the Qur’aan whose wording was abrogated, but whose ruling remained.

Just as `Umar radiyAllaahu `anhu said upon the mimbar of the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam,

“The aayah of stoning came down and we comprehended it and we preserved it. And Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam stoned. And I fear that if a time becomes prolonged for the people, that they will start to say, ‘We do not find stoning in the Book of Allaah’. Indeed it is in the Book of Allaah. [03]

This was Qur’aan whose wording was abrogated, but whose ruling remained. And Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam stoned and he commanded stoning. And the Muslims are agreed in consensus upon that. And no one disagreed about it, except for the people of innovations, those whose disagreement is not taken account of such as the Khawaarij.

So stoning is established in the Book and in the Sunnah of the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam sayings (Sunnah qawliyyah) and his actions (Sunnah `amaliyyah) and by consensus. So whoever denies it is a disbeliever, because he is denying that which Allaah has said and His Messenger and the consensus of the Muslims. So stoning is established. There is no scope for speech about it. And therefore he stated it here and said “Stoning is true”. This is the creed and belief of the Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa`ah in refutation of the innovators, those who deny stoning without knowledge and without clear insight, because of their ignorance and because of their childishness in regards to knowledge; and they are relying upon their intellects and their own thinking. And those people are not counted. No notice is taken of them and their sayings are not looked at.

So sometimes an ignorant person can come claiming awareness and to have researched and say, “There is disagreement about this.” So it is said to him, “Is it the case that every disagreement is taken account of?! There are matters of disagreement which are totally discarded and not counted. And from them is this disagreement.

And therefore the writer of the lines of poetry said:

Not every disagreement that comes about is taken account of, except that which has of correct examination.

So the matter is not just claims of disagreement. The matter is one of verification of what is correct and tying it to the proof. So whoever goes against the proof, then he is defeated in the argument and there is no weight given to his disagreeing, and he is not counted.

And Allaah, the Majestic and Most High, says:

So if you disagree about anything, then refer it back to Allaah and the Messenger, if you truly believe in Allaah and the last day, that is the better and finer in its outcome.(Sooratun-Nisaa· (4), aayah 59)

So we do not just remain upon there being disagreement, rather we refer back to the proof, because of His saying, He, the Most High:

Then refer it back to Allaah and the Messenger, if you truly believe in Allaah and in the last day, that is the better and finer regarding its outcome. (Sooratun-Nisaa· (4), aayah 59)

So therefore the author rahimahullaah he stated the issue of stoning even though this book is a book of creeds and beliefs, because it is obligatory to believe in the obligation of stoning; and whoever denies it has become a disbeliever. So therefore he stated it as a refutation of the innovators who deny stoning. [04]

Footnotes:

[01] This hadeeth occurs as no. 30 in an-Nawawiyy’s Forty Hadeeth. It is reported by at-Tabaraaniyy in alMu`jamul-Kabeer, Ibn Jareer in his Tafseer, ad-Daaraqutniyy in his Sunan, al-Haakim in his Mustadrak, al-Bayhaqiyy in as-Sunanul-Kubraa and others. It was declared hasan good by an-Nawawiyy in RiyaadusSaaliheen.

Translators side point: It occurs as a hadeeth of Aboo Tha`labah al-Khushaniyy radiyAllaahu `anhu and Shaykh al-Albaaniyy rahimahullaah said with regard to this narration in Ghaayatul-Maraam (no. 4), “This narration is actually da`eef (weak). Makhool did not meet Aboo Tha`labah.” However in the same book Shaykh al-Albaaniyy declares hasan (good) the narration which bears some resemblance with this one, which is the hadeeth of Abud-Dardaa· radiyAllaahu `anhu that the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said,

“Whatever Allaah made lawful in His book, then it is lawful. And whatever He made forbidden, then it is forbidden. And whatever He remained silent about, then it is pardoned. So accept from Allaah that which He has pardoned for Allaah would not forget anything.”

And he recited:

And your Lord never forgets. (Soorah Maryam (19), aayah 64)

Hadeeth reported by al-Haakim and declared hasan by Shaykh al-Albaaniyy.

[02] Reported by Muslim in his Saheeh (no. 1690) as a hadeeth of `Ubaadah ibnus-Saamit radiyAllaahu `anhu.

Translator’s side point: You also find that same narration from a different Companion reported by alBukhaariyy, also by Aboo Daawood, at-Timithiyy and Ibn Maajah. This wording actually occurring in the text is the wording of Ibn Maajah. Shaykh al-Albaaniyy declared it likewise saheeh.

[03] Reported by al-Bukhaariyy in his Saheeh (no. 6829). Also reported by Muslim in his Saheeh (no. 1691) from a narration of `Umar radiyAllaahu `anhu.

[04] Translator’s side point: Shaykh Ahmad an-Najmiyy rahimahullaah said in his explanation that from the established Sunnah of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam is that:

Indeed he stoned Maa`iz [reported by al-Bukhaariyy (no. 6824)] and the woman connected with the employee [al-Bukhaariyy (no. 6828)] and the woman of the Juhaniyy tribe, al-Juhaniyyah [Muslim (no. 1696)]. And he stoned two Jews who had committed fornication [al-Bukhaariyy (no. 6841)].

And the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam passed away and this ruling remained being acted upon. And the khulafaa· stoned after him.”

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 28

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Related Link: 
https://abdurrahman.org/category/islam/zinaa-adultery-fornication/

Bearing witness of Paradise or of the Fire for a specific individual without a proof – Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 27 : Point 32 (Part B)
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

[Listen to 32 (Part A) Here]

And know, that there is to be no obedience to any human in disobedience to Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic. And whoever is from the people of Islaam then do not bear witness (of Paradise or the Fire) for him on account of his having done a deed, whether good or bad, since you do not know what his deeds will be concluded with at the point of death. You hope for Allaah’s Mercy for him and you fear for him (because of his sins). You do not know what is destined for him at the point of death with regard to his repenting to Allaah and what Allaah may bring about for him at that time if he dies upon Islaam. You hope for (Allaah’s) Mercy for him and you fear for him because of his sins. And there is no sin except that the servant may repent from it.

[only highlighted portion of the above point is covered in this post]

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

His saying, “And witness (meaning regarding Paradise or the Fire) may not be given against anyone nor for him based upon his having done a good or bad deed.”

This matter of bearing witness of Paradise or of the Fire for a specific individual, this is that matter. So witness is not given for a specific individual that he will be in Paradise nor is witness given that he will be in the Fire, except with a proof from the Book and the Sunnah. As for one who there is no proof to state that he is from the people of Paradise, even if he is a righteous person, a believer, we do not do so because we do not know what his concluding action will be. And likewise, a sinful person or a disbeliever, we do not state for certain that the individual that he is from the people of the Fire because he might repent and we do not know. He sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said,

“One of you may perform the actions of the people of Paradise until there is not between him and it except a cubit (forearm); but then what was written overtakes him and he acts with the action of the people of the Fire and therefore he enters it. And one of you may act with the actions of the people of the Fire until there is not between him and it except a forearm (a cubit) and then what was written overtakes him and he acts with the action of the people of Paradise and therefore he enters it.” [05]

“Actions are in accordance with their conclusions.” [06 ]

And the concluding actions are not known except to Allaah, the Knower of all hidden things, He, the Perfect and Most High. But as for us, then we have fear for the people of sins and we have hope for the people of acts of obedience but we do not state with certainty. Rather, we have hope for those who are obedient but we do not state with certainty, and we have fear for the sinful ones but we do not state with certainty. This is with regard to specific individuals. As for in general, then we state with certainty that the people of eemaan (true belief) are the people of Paradise and we state with certainty that the disbelievers are the people of the Fire. Allaah, the Most High, said with regard to the Fire:

It has already been prepared for the disbelievers.
(Soorah-Aali `Imraan (3), aayah 131)

And He said with regard to Paradise:

It has already been prepared for those who have taqwaa (those who are fearful of Allaah and dutiful to Him). (Soorah Aali `Imraan (3), aayah 133)

This is with regard to in general. As for specific individuals and specific people, then this is entrusted to Allaah, the Perfect and Most High. However, we behave and deal with them on the basis of what is apparent. We deal with the people of obedience in accordance with what appears from them and we deal with the people of sins in accordance to what is apparent from them. We pass judgement in accordance with what is apparent only, not stating the final destination and the final outcome, for that lies in the Hand of Allaah, the Perfect and Most High. [07]

Footnotes:

[05] Reported by al-Bukhaariyy in his Saheeh (no. 6594) and Muslim in his Saheeh (no. 2643) from the hadeeth of `Abdullaah ibn Mas`ood radiyAllaahu `anhu

Translator’s side point: the famous hadeeth of as-Saadiq al-Masdooq, the fourth hadeeth in an-Nawawiyy’s Forty Hadeeth.

[06] Translator’s side point: the wording of a hadeeth

[07] Translator’s side point: Shaykh Ahmad an-Najmiyy rahimahullaah dealt with a point, which wasn’t dealt with here directly: “And there is no sin except that the servant can repent from it.”

Shaykh Ahmad an-Najmiyy rahimahullaah said in his explanation, “At-Towbah (repentance) is acceptable from every sin with regard to the rulings relating to the Hereafter.

[Translator’s note: meaning, in the Hereafter that would be wiped away from him. When `Amr ibn al-`Aas came to accept Islaam and the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam told him to put out his hand to give his pledge – that’s when he withheld it for a moment. He said, “Because I want to make a condition.” So the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam asked him what condition he wanted to make. He said, “What I did before should be forgiven.” So therefore the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said the hadeeth the shaykh quotes here.]

“And the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said to `Amr ibn al-`Aas radiyAllaahu `anhu,

‘Do you not know that Islaam demolishes what came before it and that performing Hijrah demolishes what came before it and that the Hajj demolishes what came before it.’

(Reported by Muslim (121) in the Book of Eemaan)

“And his saying with regard to the man who killed ninety-nine men, ‘And who can come between him and between repentance?’

(The hadeeth reported by Muslim)

“And the ahaadeeth in this regard are very clear. And the disagreement is with regard to a person who spoke with words of abuse against the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam or against the Qur·aan – is his repentance accepted with regard to this world or is judgement passed that he is to be executed, even if he makes clear his repentance? Then this has been clarified by Shaykhul-Islaam ibn Taymiyyah in his book As-Saarimul-Maslool `alaa Shaatimir-Rasool sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam. And Allaah is the One who grants success.”

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 27

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Related Links:

https://abdurrahman.org/rulers/

There is to be no obedience to any human in disobedience to Allaah -Sharhu Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 27 : Point 32 (Part A)
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

And know, that there is to be no obedience to any human in disobedience to Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic. And whoever is from the people of Islaam then do not bear witness (of Paradise or the Fire) for him on account of his having done a deed, whether good or bad, since you do not know what his deeds will be concluded with at the point of death. You hope for Allaah’s Mercy for him and you fear for him (because of his sins). You do not know what is destined for him at the point of death with regard to his repenting to Allaah and what Allaah may bring about for him at that time if he dies upon Islaam. You hope for (Allaah’s) Mercy for him and you fear for him because of his sins. And there is no sin except that the servant may repent from it.

[only highlighted portion of the above point is covered in this post]

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

His saying, “And know that there is to be no obedience to any human in disobedience to Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic.” This is an exception to what has preceded, referring to what he mentioned with regard to it being obligatory to obey the ruler, that it is not obligatory in everything. Rather, they are only to be obeyed in that which is not ma`siyah (a sin). As for if they command a sin, then they are not obeyed upon sin.

And there occurs in the hadeeth: that the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam appointed a leader over an army detachment of the Companions. So when they proceeded upon the way, he (this leader) said to them, “Gather some firewood.” So, when they had gathered it, he said, “Set it on fire.” So, when they had set is blazing, he said, “Enter into the fire. Did not the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam say, ‘Hear and obey’?” So some of them said, “We did not obey the Messenger except in order to flee away from the Fire so how can we then enter into it?!” So therefore they refused to enter into it. So when that (news) reached Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam he said, “If they had entered it then they would not have come out from it. Obedience is only in that which is good.” [03]

And he sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said,

“There is to be no obedience to a created being in disobedience to the Creator.” [04]

And He, the Most High, said with regard to the parents:

And be thankful to Me and to your parents; the return will be to Me. And if those two strive…

Meaning the parents,

… to make you associate along with Me that which you have no knowledge of then do not obey them; but live with them in this world in a good manner; and follow the way of those who turn to Me.

(Soorah-Luqmaan (31), aayahs 14 and 15)

However that does not mean that obedience to the ruler ceases if he commands something sinful, but rather it means that he is not obeyed in that sin, whereas obedience to him remains in that which is not a sin. This is the meaning of “There is no obedience to a created being in disobedience to the Creator.”

So it is not to be said that Allaah has commanded obedience to the ruler and He has commanded fine treatment and obedience to the parents in everything. We say, yes Allaah commanded obedience to those in authority (but), upon what is good; and He commanded obedience to the parents, however in what is good, not in disobedience to Allaah, the Perfect and Most High.

Footnotes:

[03](The hadeeth) has preceded. (Reported by al-Bukhaariyy (7145) and Muslim (1840) from a hadeeth of `Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anhu)

[04] It’s checking has preceded. (Reported by Imaam Ahmad and at-Tabaraaniyy and others from a hadeeth of `Imraan ibn Husayn radiyAllaahu `anhu)

Translator’s side point: Declared saheeh (authentic) by Shaykh al-Albaaniyy in As-Saheehah (no. 179)

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 27

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

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Related Links:

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It is permissible to fight the Khawaarij if they attack the property, persons or families of the Muslims – Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 27 : Point 31
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

And it is permissible to fight the Khawaarij if they attack the property, persons or families of the Muslims; but if they desist and depart then it is not his right to chase them nor are their wounded to be killed nor may he seize their property as booty nor may he kill those of them taken captive nor may he chase those of them who flee.

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

We have come to know that the Khawaarij are those who hold breaking away from obedience and they hold that there is no pledge of allegiance to the person in authority (the ruler) or that no bay`ah (pledge) remains if he commits sin; and they declare the Muslims to be disbelievers on account of major sins. So those people who accept this position but they do not have strength and they do not fight then they are left, along with their being advised and having the affair made clear to them so that perhaps they may return.

But as for if they come to have strength and they manifest their force, then it becomes obligatory upon the Muslims to fight against them to repel their evil. And they are not fought against upon the basis that they are disbelievers; rather they are fought against upon the basis that they are Muslims who have transgressed against the Muslims and attacked them. And for this reason when the Chief of the Believers (ameerulmu·mineen), `Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anhu was questioned about the Khawaarij, “Are they disbelievers?” So he said, “No, they fled away from disbelief; but rather they are a people who transgressed against us.” [01],[02]

So they (the Khawaarij) are not fought against upon the basis that they are disbelievers, and therefore their women and their children are not taken as slaves and their property is not seized and those of them who are injured are not killed because the fighting against them is just to repel their evil, not because of their being disbelievers.

His saying, “And it is permissible to fight against the Khawaarij if they attack the Muslims with regard to their property, their persons and their families,” because the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam commanded that they be fought against and because `Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anhu fought against them when they attacked `Abdullaah ibn Khabbaab ibn al-Aratt radiyAllaahu `anhu. And they killed him and they split open the abdomen of his slave girl who was pregnant. So then when they did that the Chief of the Believers (meaning `Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anhu) resolved to fight them because the first signs of their evil had now appeared from them.

His saying, “But it is not for him (the Muslim ruler), if they desist and leave them alone, to chase them.” If they desist from fighting then it is not for the ruler to chase them and to wage war against them as long as they do not commit transgression. So they are astray without any doubt and it is obligatory to give them advice so that perhaps they will return; however they are not to be fought.

His saying, “And he may not kill their injured,” because the wounded person, his evil has been curbed.

His saying, “and he may not take their property as booty,” meaning their property is not taken as ghaneemah (booty/spoils of war) because it is the property of the Muslims.

His saying, “and he may not kill those of them taken prisoner,” because they are Muslims and their evil has been prevented by their having been taken captive and by their being wounded.

His saying, “and those of them who flee away are not to be chased.” If they are defeated, then the ruler leaves them alone and he does not chase after them because their evil has been repelled.

Footnotes:

[01] Reported by `Abdur-Razzaaq in al-Musannaf and al-Bayhaqiyy in as-Sunanul-Kubraa.

Translator’s side point: You’ll find some narrations reported by Ibn Abee Shaybah also in his Musannaf, as indicated here also by al-Bayhaqiyy. And some of the reports contain the wording that `Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anh said something similar to this with regard to the People of the Camel, meaning the Companions who fought against him in the Battle of the Camel, and in some of the reports it mentions that he said something like this with regard to the Khawaarij at Nahrawaan. And as for this wording that Shaykh al-Fowzaan mentioned here, then it is indeed as Shaykh al-Fowzaan mentioned it, he said it was with regard to the Khawaarij and it is an important difference with regard to the wording.

[02] Shaykhul-Islaam ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullaah said in Risaalatu Fadli Ahlil-Bayt wa Huqooqihim (a treatise with regard to the virtue of the Ahlul-Bayt, the family of the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam, and their rights) “It is established from ameerul-mu·mineen `Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anhu through different chains that when he fought against the People of the Camel, he did not take their children as slaves and he did not take their wealth as booty and he did not kill their wounded ones and he did not chase after those who fled and he did not kill any captive and he prayed (the funeral prayer) over those who had been killed from both sides, at both the Battle of the Camel and the Battle of Siffeen. And he said “Ikhwaanunaa baghow `alaynaa.”, “They are our brothers; they transgressed against us.” And he informed that they are not disbelievers nor are they hypocrites. And in what he said he was following the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah of His Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam, since he called them brothers and he declared them to be believers in the fighting and in the transgression just as is mentioned in His saying,

وَإِن طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا ۖ فَإِن بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَىٰ فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّىٰ تَفِيءَ إِلَىٰ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ ۚ فَإِن فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ

And if two parties or groups among the believers fall to fighting, then make peace between them both, but if one of them rebels against the other, then fight you (all) against the one that which rebels till it complies with the Command of Allah; then if it complies, then make reconciliation between them justly, and be equitable. Verily! Allah loves those who are equitable.

(Sooratul-Hujuraat (49), aayah 9)

He also said (two pages later), “They are not equal those who were killed, who he prayed over and he called them ikhwaanunaa (our brothers), they are not equal along with those whom he did not pray over (the Khawaarij at the Battle of Nahrawaan). Rather, when it was said to him (quoting the aayah from Sooratul-Kahf (18), towards the end of the soorah), “Who are,

الَّذِينَ ضَلَّ سَعْيُهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صُنْعًا –

“Those whose efforts have been wasted in this life while they thought that they were acquiring good by their deeds! (18:104)

That he replied, “They are the people of Harooraa· (meaning the Khawaarij).”

Also, Shaykhul-Islaam ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullaah mentioned, “And likewise, the people of Siffeen, he prayed the funeral prayer over those who were killed from them and he said, ‘They are our brothers, they transgressed against us but the sword purified them.’ And if in his view they had been disbelievers, he would not have prayed funeral prayer over them and he would not have declared them to be brothers and he would not have stated that the sword purified anything from them.” (Minhaajus-Sunnah)

With regard to the Khawaarij the wording is as Shaykh al-Fowzaan put it here. What is authentic with regard to the Khawaarij that he said when they asked, “Are they disbelievers?”

He said, “No they fled from disbelief; they are a people who transgressed against us.” He didn’t call them his brothers.

And then he quoted the same quotes from Shaykhul-Islaam ibn Taymiyyah.

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 27

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Related Links:

https://abdurrahman.org/rulers/

https://abdurrahman.org/category/islam/khawaarij/

It is not permissible to fight the ruler, nor to rebel against him even if he oppresses – Sharh as Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 26 : Point 30
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

And it is not permissible to fight the ruler, nor to rebel against him even if he oppresses. And that is because of the saying of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam to Aboo Tharr al-Ghifaariyy,

“Have patience, even if he is an Abyssinian slave.”

And his saying to the Ansaar,

“Have patience until you meet me at the Reservoir (the Howd).”

It is not from the Sunnah to fight against the ruler for it brings about corruption of the worldly life and of the Religion.

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

It is not permissible for anyone to fight against the sultaan (ruler) by rebelling against him by using weaponry because this results in major evils.

His saying, “And it is not permissible to fight against the ruler, nor to rebel against him even if he is oppressive.” Meaning it is forbidden – haraam – to fight against the ruler, meaning to fight against the ruler as is done by the Khawaarij.

“Even if he commits oppression.” Meaning (even if) some tyranny or oppression occurs from him then the person should have sabr, patience, upon that. Because having patience upon that, even though it has harm within it, then this is lighter (less serious) than the harm which results from rebelling against him. So the harm which comes about along with having patience upon obedience to the oppressive ruler, this is less serious than the harm which comes about through rebelling against him. And there is no doubt that from the principles that are confirmed in Islaam is: ‘taking on board the lesser of two harms to repel the greater one’.

And the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said to the Ansaar,

“You will indeed see after me atharah (undue preference), so have patience until you meet me at the Howd (Great Reservoir).” [04]

He enjoined them with sabr (having patience) even though they were going to experience atharah (undue preference) against them – and it is preferring other people with wealth and excluding them. So he enjoined them with having patience because of what lies in this from repelling the greater of two evils.

His saying, “And that is because of the saying of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam to Aboo Tharr al-Ghifaariyy, “Have patience even if he be an Abyssinian slave.”

Meaning do not hold the ruler in contempt even if his appearance is not beautiful, even if he is black in colour, even if he does not have Arabian lineage, because what is counted is his position, which is the khilaafah (Caliphate) or al-imaarah (the major leadership) and what is counted is not his own person. So he is to be obeyed as long as he is a Muslim; and his bodily appearance is not to be looked to, which perhaps does not please the one who looks because of his deformity or ugliness or because of his shabby appearance or because of a defect in his body.

“Even if he is a slave with severed limbs.” [05]

All of this does not justify rebelling against him even if he is a sick person or he has weak health. As long as the pledge of obedience was established for him then he should have patience with him and he is to be heard and obeyed, even if he has these characteristics.

His saying, “Fighting against the sultaan (ruler) is not from the Sunnah.” It is not from the Sunnah established from the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam to fight against the ruler – not in a single hadeeth, neither a weak one, nor a hasan one, nor an authentic one. There is not in the Sunnah any hadeeth which proves fighting against the Muslim ruler, even if he is sinful, even if he is an oppressor, even if he is a tyrant, even if he shows undue preference with wealth, then it is still not permissible to rebel against him. Rather the ahaadeeth, all of them, prove having patience with that and the forbiddance of rebelling against him.

And this does not mean that the ruler shouldn’t receive naseehah, sincere advice. Rather he should be advised, in secret, privately between him and the one who is advising. So it is obligatory upon the person who has some sincere advice to take it to the ruler, just as he sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said,
“The religion is sincerity.”
So we said, “To whom?”
So he said,
“To Allaah and to His Book and to His Messenger and to the rulers of the Muslims and to their common folk.” [06]

So that does not mean that he is not to be advised and that he is to be left alone; rather things must be made clear to him and he should be advised. And this is his right upon the scholars and upon his subjects and upon those whom he consults and upon people of sound opinion – that they give him sincere advice. [07]

“And it is not from the Sunnah to fight against the sultaan (the ruler),” meaning, there is no proof for it; nothing saheeh (authentic) and nothing da`eef (weak) to show that it is legislated to fight against the Muslim ruler. Rather there is in it (the Sunnah) and in the Qur·aan also, the command to obey him.

O you who believe! Obey Allaah and obey the Messenger and those in authority from amongst you. (Sooratun-Nisaa· (4), aayah 59)

So look at his saying lÐm ‘minkum’ with the meaning, ‘from amongst you’, meaning as long as he is a Muslim, then it is obligatory to obey him.

His saying, “For indeed (in rebelling against the ruler) in it lies corruption of the worldly life and of the Religion.” Fighting against the ruler brings about corruption of the worldly life such that authority is lost, fowdaa (anarchy/chaos) becomes widespread and the enemies overcome and the Religion becomes lost; since there is noone to establish the prescribed punishments and no-one who can carry out the qisaas, (retaliatory punishments) and there is no-one who can enforce the legislated rulings and give back the rights to those who deserve them and who can enforce the judicial rulings; and thus the Religion is corrupted and there is chaos and corruption. And the hand of the thief cannot be chopped, so therefore people’s wealth is lost. And the highway robbers do not have their limbs amputated and therefore the roads become disused – because who can establish all of this? He is the person in authority. This is from the function of the one in authority and no-one will be able, even if all the people gather, no one will be able to establish these affairs. Rather, chaos and anarchy will result. [08]

Footnotes:

[04] Reported by al-Bukhaariyy in his Saheeh (no. 3792) and reported by Muslim in his Saheeh (no. 1845), hadeeth of Usayd Ibnul-Hudayr radiyAllaahu `anhu.

[05] Part of the same hadeeth brought by the author in the main text, hadeeth of Aboo Tharr radiyAllaahu `anhu, reported by al-Bukhaariyy (no. 3792) and Muslim (no. 1845) and this being one particular wording of that, the wording reported by Muslim (no. 648)

[06] Reported by Muslim (no. 55) from hadeeth of Tameem ad-Daariyy radiyAllaahu `anhu

[07] Translator’s side point: Shaykh Saalih as-Suhaymiyy hafizahullaah in his explanation said with regard to the word sultaan (the sultan, the one in authority), “His saying, ‘sultaan’. He used this word here to make it general, whether the person is a khaleefah (Caliph) or a malik (king), or a sultaan or a ra·ees (head or president), whatever he is, as long as he establishes the legislation of Allaah, the Perfect and Most High. Whatever his title is, whether he is called a king or a sultaan (sultan) or an ameer (chief/head) or an imaam, whatever, then the witness here is that it is forbidden to rebel against him.

[08] Translators side point: Shaykh Ahmad an-Najmiyy rahimahullaah said, “I say the `aqeedah (creed and belief) of the Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa`ah is that fighting against the ruler is not permissible, and likewise rebelling against him. It is not permissible because of the prohibition of the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and his warning against rebelling against him and the prohibition of challenging him (the ruler) which occurs in the hadeeth of `Ubaadah ibnus-Saamit (with the wording):

‘And that we will not challenge those in authority with regard to the affair.’”

(Footnote: Hadeeth already preceded. Translator’s note: Meaning it was part of the pledge which the Companions gave to the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam that they would not challenge those in authority of the affair.)

Shaykh Ahmad continued,

“So challenging those in authority of the affair is not permissible, and that comes about by provoking and rabble rousing the common masses to rebel against them, all of this is not permissible. And from that is criticising the rulers from the minbars, for this will only enrage the hearts of those in authority and cause estrangement between those in authority and the common masses and cause them to have no trust in each other.

“And the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said,

‘The best of your rulers are those whom you love and who love you and who you supplicate for them and they supplicate for you. And the worst of your rulers are those who you hate and who hate you and you abuse them and they abuse you.’

So they said, “We said, ‘O Messenger of Allaah, shall we not challenge/go against them with regard to that?’

So he said,

‘No, not as long as they establish the Prayer amongst you. No not as long as they establish the Prayer. Indeed, whoever has someone in authority over him and he sees him committing something from disobedience to Allaah then let him hate that which he commits from disobedience to Allaah, but let him not remove his hand from obedience.’”

(Translator’s side point: Reported by Muslim as a hadeeth of `Owf ibn Maalik radiyAllaahu `anhu)

And the proofs concerning this topic and the writings, and the statements of the Salaf which cover this are plentiful. And Allaah is the One Who grants success.

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 26

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Related Linkshttps://abdurrahman.org/rulers/

Whoever rebels against one of the Muslim rulers, then he is one of the Khawaarij – Sharh as Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 26 : Point 29
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

And whoever rebels against one of the Muslim rulers, then he is one of the Khawaarij. He has caused dissent within the Muslims and he has contradicted the narrations and he dies a death like that of the Days of Ignorance.

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

His saying, “And whoever revolts against a ruler from the Muslim rulers, then he is a Khaarijiyy (one of the Khawaarij).” Whoever departs from obedience to the one in authority and rebels against his authority, using the excuse that the person in authority has sins and has acts contrary to the legislation, as is done by the Khawaarij; then he has the ruling of the Khawaarij. And the Khawaarij are a deviant group which first sprouted in the time of the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam when Thul-Khuwaysirah came and said to the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam, when he saw him dividing the booty, he said to him,

“Do justice O Muhammad, for you have not been just!”

So he sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said,
“Woe to you! Then who will do justice if I do not do justice?”

So when that man departed he sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said,

“There will emerge from the progeny of this one…” Meaning from his type “…a people; you will belittle your Prayers in comparison to their Prayers, and your worship in comparison to their worship. They will recite the Qur·aan but it will not pass beyond their throats. They will shoot out from the Religion just as an arrow shoots straight through the game. So wherever you find them then fight them, for in fighting them there is reward for those who fight them.” [01]

So it is obligatory to fight against them and that is in order to stop their evil from the Muslims.

This is the case if they come out with weapons and they bear arms, but as for their merely manifesting the view of the Khawaarij and speaking with it but not fighting and not bearing arms, then in that case we rebuke them and we make clear to them their misguidance but we do not fight against them. However, if they gain strength and they start to fight against the Muslims then it is not permissible then for the Muslims to leave them. Rather it is obligatory upon the person in authority to fight against them, and it is obligatory upon the Muslims that they should be along with the person in authority against them, just as occurred in the khilaafah (Caliphate) of `Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anhu when he fought against the Khawaarij at Nahrawaan. And the Companions joined him and they fought against the Khawaarij along with him until they killed them in the worst manner; and through that he attained the reward which Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam promised in his saying:

“Indeed there is reward in fighting against them for those who fight against them.” [02]

And this is from the virtues of `Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anhu, and his virtues are many. And from them is that he fought against the Khawaarij and he implemented the statement of the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam regarding them.

His saying, “And he has caused dissent within the Muslims and he has contradicted the narrations and his death will be the death like that of the Days of Ignorance.”

So the Khawaarij, they are the people who broke the unity of obedience and they revolted against the person in authority. And likewise they are the ones who declare the Muslims to be disbelievers on account of major sins, kabaa·ir, which are less than shirk. So therefore they have two signs:

The first sign is their khurooj (rebelling) against the person in authority over the Muslims and their attempting to remove the one in authority.

The second sign is that they declare the Muslims to be disbelievers on account of kabaa·ir (major sins), which are less than shirk.

And what led them to this is ghuluww (extremism), and Allaah’s refuge is sought. And therefore, the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam warned against ghuluww (extremism) saying,

“Beware of ghuluww (extremism) for those who came before you were only destroyed on account of ghuluww (extremism/going beyond the limits.)” [03]

And it is adding to the Religion and adding to that which is legislated with regard to criticising an evil. This is ghuluww (extremism) which led the Khawaarij to what occurred from them. They had ghuluww, went overboard, in criticising an evil to such an extent that they split apart from unity of obedience and they went beyond the limit, to extremes in worship to the extent that they declared those people who commit major sins from the Muslims to be disbelievers.

His saying, “…he has contradicted the narrations…” Meaning the ahaadeeth which occur from the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam with regard to adhering to obedience to the one in authority over the Muslims.

His saying, “…and his death will be a death like that of the Days of Ignorance.”

Meaning because he has a characteristic from the characteristic of the Times of Ignorance (times of jaahiliyyah) because the Arabs in the times of jaahiliyyah (the Times of Ignorance) used to be dispersed within different tribes; they had no single ruler who would unite them, rather, each tribe would be independent on its own and they would make surprise attacks upon other tribes. And they did not unite except after Allaah sent Muhammad sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam. He called them to Islaam so they accepted Islaam and they came to be beneath a single banner. And therefore He, the Most High, said:

And remember the favour of Allaah upon you that you were previously enemies, so He joined between your hearts and through His favour you became brothers. (Soorah Aali `Imraan (3), aayah 103)

And He, the Most High, said:

And remember when you were few and you were weak upon the earth, fearing that the people would snatch you away, and Allaah gave you shelter and He strengthened you with His aid and He provided provision for you from the good and pure things so that you may give thanks. (Sooratul-Anfaal (8), aayah 26)

From the fruits of obedience to the one in authority over the Muslims, all these good things come about through that: establishment of security, the ability to seek provisions and the people being able to travel far and wide to seek provisions on account of the roads being safe. But when there is a state of fear, then in that case the people do not travel, they do not buy and sell out of fear for themselves. So these are from the virtues of the Jamaa`ah (the United Body) and of obedience to the one in authority. As for revolting against the one in authority and splitting away from obedience then that brings about the following:

Firstly: It causes the splitting of the United Body of the Muslims

Secondly: The shedding of blood without right

Thirdly: The enemy overcoming; because the enemy are happy at this. And therefore you will find the disbelievers being joyful at the splitting of the Muslims, and they bring about splits between the Muslims and they aid the deviant groups. They provide them with weapons and they aid them with planning so that they rebel against the United Body of the Muslims, and splitting occurs among the Muslims, so that they can seize them as plunder, as happens. So all of this is a result of disunity and of disobeying the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and of rebelling against the ones in authority over the affairs of the Muslims.

In summary, one who has no ruler, then he is like a person who lives in jaahiliyyah (Times of Ignorance) and if he dies then his death is like that of the Times of Ignorance.

It does not mean that he becomes a disbeliever, but rather it means that he has a characteristic from the characteristics of the Days of Ignorance in that he does not enter under obedience to a ruler; instead he lives in chaos, fowdaa.

Footnotes:

[01] Reported by al-Bukhaariyy (no. 3344) and Muslim (no. 1064) from a hadeeth of Aboo Sa`eed alKhudriyy radiyAllaahu `anhu

[02] Part of the previous hadeeth of Aboo Sa`eed al-Khudree radiyAllaahu `anhu

[03] Reported by Imaam Ahmad, an-Nasaa∙ee in his Sunan, Ibn Maajah, at-Tabaraaniyy, Ibn Khuzaymah, Ibn Hibbaan, al-Haakim and he declared it authentic to the standard of the two shaykhs, and ath-Thahabiyy agreed

Translator’s side point: Likewise, authenticated by Shaykh al-Albaaniyy rahimahullaah

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 26

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Related Links:

https://abdurrahman.org/rulers/

https://abdurrahman.org/category/islam/khawaarij/

Al-Khilaafah (the Caliphate) remains within the Quraysh – Sharh as-Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 25 : Point 28
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

Al-khilaafah (the Caliphate) remains within the Quraysh until `Eesaa ibn Maryam `alayhis-salaatu was-salaam (may Allaah extol him and grant him peace and security) descends.

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

If more than person contends about who is going to take over the rulership and each one of them is fitting for rulership then precedence is given to the Qurashiyy (the person who is from the tribe of Quraysh) because of his special quality over others; because of his sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam saying,

“The rulers are from the Quraysh.” [04]

And his saying,

“Give precedence to the Quraysh and do not give precedence to yourselves over them.” [05]

So if the man of Quraysh is righteous and contention occurs with regard to who will take charge, then the man of Quraysh is given precedence because of the fact that the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam gave that instruction and because the Companions when Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam passed away and when the Ansaar (the Muslims of Madeenah) said, “There should be a leader from us and a leader from you.”

Then Aboo Bakr radiyAllaahu `anhu responded “The Arabs (in general) they will not submit regarding this affair except to this group of Quraysh.” [06] So therefore they gave the bay`ah (pledge of allegiance) to Aboo Bakr as-Siddeeq radiyAllaahu `anhu and then after him to `Umar and after him to `Uthmaan and after him to `Aliyy and after him to Mu`aawiyah and after him to Banoo Umayyah and after them to Banoo `Abbaas and all of them were from Quraysh. However, if the matter is completed and concluded, then obedience becomes binding even if he is not a man of Quraysh. Or if the man of Quraysh is not suitable for rulership, for the mere fact that he is from Quraysh does not automatically give him the right to rulership unless along with being from the Quraysh, he is a righteous man and there is not already an established ruler.

His saying, “…until `Eesaa ibn Maryam ‘alayhis-salaatu was-salaam descends.” This is an indication of the fact that `Eesaa `alayhis-salaam when he descends, he will descend and the ruler of the Muslims will be Muhammad ibn `Abdillaah al-Mahdee, who will be from the family of al-Hasan ibn `Aliyy ibn Abee Taalib. So this shows that the last of the rulers will indeed be from Quraysh and the first of them was from Quraysh, and he was Aboo Bakr radiyAllaahu `anhu and this is what is implemented as far as possible as we have mentioned. And if no-one is found from Quraysh, this does not mean that leadership passes away. Or if someone who is not from the Quraysh establishes the affair and he becomes the leader, and the person is suitable, it doesn’t mean that we remove him and we say you are not suitable for it. So it is obligatory to have awareness of these matters. [07]

Footnotes:

[04] This hadeeth is reported by at-Tayaalisiyy in his Musnad and Imaam Ahmad in his Musnad and anNasaa·ee in as-Sunanul-Kubraa and by Ibn Abee `Aasim in (his book) as-Sunnah and Aboo Ya`laa in his Musnad and al-Bayhaqiyy in as-Sunanul-Kubraa. It was declared authentic by ad-Diyaa· in his book alMukhtaarah (which included just those hadeeth that according to him were authentic).

Translator’s side point: Shaykh al-Albaaniyy mentioned this hadeeth is a hadeeth of Anas ibn Maalik radiyAllaahu `anhu and the narration of Ibn Abee `Aasim mentions from Anas ibn Maalik, he said,

“Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam came to us whilst we were in the house of a man from the Ansaar so he took hold of the two doorposts and he said, “The rulers are from Quraysh.”

Shaykh al-Albaaniyy said with regard to this narration, “It is a hadeeth that is saheeh (authentic). “

[05] This is also reported by Ibn Abee `Aasim in his book as-Sunnah and at-Tabaraaniyy in al-Mu`jamulKabeer as occurs in the book Majma` uz-Zawaa·id.

Translator’s side point: Majma` uz-Zawaa·id: a book that includes the extra narrations outside the six books, extra narrations of the books of at-Tabaraaniyy, Aboo Ya`laa and Musnad of Imaam Ahmad and other books, hadeeth that are additional to the hadeeth in these six books; al-Haythamee’s Majma` uzZawaa·id. So this hadeeth is included there.

And this hadeeth is a hadeeth of `Abdullaah ibn as-Saa·ib radiyAllaahu`anhumaa and declared saheeh (authentic) by Shaykh al-Albaaniyy in Saheehul-Jaami`.

[06] Translator’s side point: This occurs in the Saheeh of al-Bukhaariyy as part of a long hadeeth of Ibn `Abbaas radiyAllaahu `anhumaa, (no. 6830) with the wording, “They won’t accept and recognise this affair except for these people of Quraysh.”

[07] Translator’s side point: Shaykh Ahmad an-Najmiyy rahimahullaah said on this point, “Al-khilaafah is within the Quraysh until `Eesaa ibn Maryam `alayhis-salaam descends. And there occurs in that regard the hadeeth reported by Ahmad, “The khilaafah is to be in the Quraysh.”

“However, this is to be taken to refer to khilaafah where there is a choice. But as for where there is a man who fights the people with those who are along with him and he gains authority and the people submit to him after he has overcome them, then it is obligatory to obey him whether he is from Quraysh or whether he is other than from the Quraysh, whether he is righteous or whether he is sinful.”

“This is the `aqeedah (creed and belief) of the Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa`ah who hold the obligation of that, and that it is not permissible for anyone to rebel against him after the affair is settled for him and it is settled and secured for him, even if he is sinful or wicked (then it is still obligatory to obey him).”

“And the proofs for that have already preceded. From them is the hadeeth of Aboo Sa`eed al-Khudriyy and from them the hadeeth of `Urfuja (with the wording),

“Whoever comes to you when your affair is united intending to split your unity and to separate your united body then kill him whoever it may be.”

“So it is obligatory to hold this as creed and belief and to act upon it and Allaah is the one who grants success.”

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 25

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Related Linkshttps://abdurrahman.org/rulers/

The Story of Bal’am bin Ba’ura to whom Allaah gave His Ayat, but he threw them away – Tafseer Ibn Katheer

And recite to them the story of him to whom We gave Our Ayat, but he threw them away; so Shaytan followed him up, and he became of those who went astray.And had We willed, We would surely have elevated him therewith, but he clung to the earth and followed his own vain desires. So his parable is the parable of a dog: if you drive him away, he pants, or if you leave him alone, he (still) pants. Such is the parable of the people who reject Our Ayat. So relate the stories, perhaps they may reflect.Evil is the parable of the people who rejected Our Ayat, and used to wrong themselves. (Qur’an Al-A’raf 07, Verses 175-177)

`Abdur-Razzaq recorded that `Abdullah bin Mas`ud said that Allah’s statement,(And recite to them the story of him to whom We gave Our Ayat, but he threw them away) “Is about Bal`am bin Ba`ura’ a man from the Children of Israel.”

Shu`bah and several other narrators narrated this statement from Mansur who got it from Ibn Mas`ud. Sa`id bin Abi `Arubah narrated that Qatadah said that Ibn `Abbas said, “He is Sayfi, son of Ar-Rahib.”

Qatadah commented that Ka`b said, “He was a man from Al-Balqla’ (a province of Jordan) who knew Allah’s Greatest Name. He used to live in Bayt Al-Maqdis with the tyrants.”

Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, “He is Bal`am bin Ba`ura’, a man from Yemen whom Allah had given the knowledge of His Ayat, but he abandoned them.”

Malik bin Dinar said, “He was one of the scholars of the Children of Israel whose supplication was acceptable. They used to seek his lead in suplication in times of difficulty. Allah’s Prophet Musa sent him to the King of Madyan to call him to Allah. That king appeased him and gave him land and gifts, and he reverted from the religion of Musa and followed the king’s religion.”

`Imran bin `Uyaynah narrated that `Husayn said that `Imran bin Al-Harith said that Ibn `Abbas said, “He is Bal`am son of Ba`ura’.” Similar was said by Mujahid and `Ikrimah. Therefore, it is well-known that this honorable Ayah was revealed about a man from the Children of Israel in ancient times, according to Ibn Mas`ud and several others among the Salaf.

`Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said, “He is a man from the city of the tyrants (Jerusalem) whose name was Bal`am and who knew Allah’s Greatest Name.” `Ali bin Abi Talhah also reported that Ibn `Abbas that he said, “When Musa and those with him went to the city of the tyrants (Jerusalem), the cousins of Bal`am and his people came to him and said, `Musa is a strong man, and he has many soldiers. If he gains the upper hand over us, we will be destroyed. Therefore, supplicate to Allah that He prevents Musa and those with him from prevailing over us.’ Bal`am said, `If I supplicate to Allah that He turns back Musa and those with him, I will lose in this life and the Hereafter.’ They kept luring him until he supplicated against Musa and his people, and Allah took away what he bestowed on him (of knowledge). Hence Allah’s statement,

(but he threw them away; so Shaytan followed him up).”‘ Allah said next,

(And had We willed, We would surely have elevated him therewith but he clung to the earth and followed his own vain desires.) Allah said,

(And had We willed, We would surely have elevated him therewith) from the filth of this earthly life through the Ayat that We gave him knowledge of,

(but he clung to the earth), he became interested in the adornment of this life and its delights. He indulged in the lusts of life and its joys and was deceived by it, just as life deceived others like him, without sound comprehension or a good mind. Muhammad bin Ishaq bin Yasar narrated from Salim, from Abu An-Nadr that when Musa entered the land of Bani Canaan in the area of Ash-Sham (Greater Syria), the people of Bal`am came to him, saying, “This is Musa, son of `Imran with the Children of Israel. He wants to drive us out from our land, kill us and replace us with the Children of Israel. We are your people and have no other dwelling area. You are a person whose supplication is acceptable (to Allah), so go out and supplicate to Allah against them.” He said, “Woe to you! Here is Allah’s Prophet (Musa) with whom the angels and believers are! How can I supplicate against them when I know from Allah what I know” They said, “We have no other dwelling area.” So they kept luring and begging him until he was tempted by the trial and went on his donkey towards Mount Husban, which was behind the Israelite military barracks. When he proceeded on the Mount for a while, the donkey sat down and refused to proceed. He got off the donkey and struck it until it stood up again and he rode it. The donkey did the same after a little while, and he struck it again until it stood up… So he proceeded and tried to supplicate against Musa and his people. However, Allah made his tongue mention his people with evil and the Children of Israel with good instead of his people, who protested, “O Bal`am! What are you doing You are supplicating for them and against us!” He said, “It is against my will. This is a matter that Allah has decided.” He then said to them, as his tongue was made to loll out of his mouth, “Now I have lost this life and the Hereafter.” This Ayah was revealed about the story of Bal`am son of Ba`ura’

(And recite to them the story of him to whom We gave Our Ayat, but he threw them away.), until,

(perhaps they may reflect.) Allah said next,

(So his parable is the parable of a dog: if you drive him away, he pants, or if you leave him alone, he (still) pants.) Scholars of Tafsir have conflicting opinions regarding the meaning of this Ayah. Some scholars said that it refers to the end of Bal`am’s tongue which flickered out of his mouth, as in the story narrated from Ibn Ishaq, from Salim, from Abu An-Nadr. Therefore, his example is the example of the dog, its tongue pants regardless of whether it is driven away or not. It was also said that the meaning here is a parable of this man — and his like — concerning their misguidance, persisting the wrong path and not being able to benefit from faith or comprehend what they are being called to. So his example is that of a dog which pants whether it was driven away or left alone. The person described here does not benefit from the advice or the call to faith, just as if the advice and call never occurred. Allah said in another Ayah,

(It is the same to them (disbelievers) whether you warn them or do not warn them, they will not believe.)(2:6) and,

(Whether you ask forgiveness for them (hypocrites) or ask not forgiveness for them — (and even) if you ask seventy times for their forgiveness — Allah will not forgive them.) (9:80) and similar Ayat. It was also said that the meaning here, is that the heart of the disbeliever, the hypocrite and the wicked is weak and devoid of guidance. Therefore, it keeps faltering. Similar was narrated from Al-Hasan Al-Basri.

(So relate the stories, perhaps they may reflect) Allah said next to His Prophet Muhammad ﷺ ,

(So relate the stories, perhaps they may) the Children of Israel, who have knowledge ot the story of Bal`am and what happened to him when Allah allowed him to stray and expelled him from His mercy. Allah favored him by teaching him His Greatest Name, by which, if He is asked, He will grant, and if He is called upon, He answers. But Bal`am used it in disobedience to Allah and invoked Him against His own party of the people of faith, followers of His servant and Messenger during that time, Musa, the son of `Imran, peace be upon him, whom Allah spoke to directly,

(perhaps they may reflect.) and avoid Bal`am’s behavior, for Allah has given the Jews knowledge and made them superior to the bedouins surrounding them. He gave them the description of Muhammad ﷺ which would allow them to recognize him, as they recognize their own children. They, among people, have the most right to follow, aid and support Muhammad ﷺ , in obedience to their Prophets who informed them of him and commanded them to follow him. Therefore, whoever among them defies the knowledge in their Books or hides it from the servants, Allah will place disgrace on him in this life, followed by humiliation in the Hereafter. Allah said,

(Evil is the parable of the people who rejected Our Ayat.) Allah says, evil is the example of the people who deny Our Ayat in that they are equated with dogs that have no interest but to collect food and satisfy lusts.’ Therefore, whoever goes out of the area of knowledge and guidance, and seeks satisfaction for his lusts and vain desires, is just like a dog; what an evil example. The Sahih recorded that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

(The evil example is not suitable for us: he who goes back on his gift is just like the dog that eats its vomit.) Allah’s statement,

(and they used to wrong themselves.) means, Allah did not wrong them, but they wronged themselves by rejecting guidance, not obeying the Lord, being content with this life that will soon end, all the while seeking to fulfill desires and obey lusts.

(178. Whomsoever Allah guides, he is the guided one, and whomsoever He sends astray, — then those! They are the losers.)

Allah says, whomever He leads aright, then none can lead him to misguidance, and whomever He leads astray, will have acquired failure, loss and sure misguidance. Verily, whatever Allah wills occurs; and whatever He does not will, does not occur. A Hadith narrated from `Abdullah bin Mas`ud reads,

(All praise is due to Allah, Whom we praise and seek help, guidance and forgiveness from. We seek refuge with Allah from the evils within ourselves and from the burden of our evil deeds. He whom Allah guides, will never be misled; and he whom He misguides, will never have one who will guide him. I bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah without partners and that Muhammad ﷺ is His servant and Messenger.)

The complete Hadith was collected by Imam Ahmad and the collectors of Sunan and others.

Source: Tafseer Ibn Katheer , Darussalam English Publication

Related Linkhttps://abdurrahman.org/inspirational/

The Hajj and fighting Jihaad along with the ruler continue. Jumu’ah Prayer behind faasiq Ruler is allowed – Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 25 : Point 27
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

And the Hajj and fighting jihaad along with the ruler continue. And the Jumu`ah Prayer behind them is allowed; and after it six rak`ahs are prayed, separating each pair of rak`ahs. This was the saying of Ahmad ibn Hanbal.

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

The functions carried out by the ruler are many, and the place to find them enumerated and to find them mentioned together, and where you can acquaint yourself with them is the books on the rulings relating to rulership (al-ahkaamus-sultaaniyyah) such as alAhkaamus-Sultaaniyyah of al-Maawardiyy and al-Ahkaamus-Sultaaniyyah of Aboo Ya`laa al-Hanbaliyy and books which have been written on this topic which explain the functions of the ruler. And it is mentioned in the books of fiqh and in the books of `aqaa∙id (creed and belief) also as occurs here.

Firstly (from these functions), is that he (the ruler) is in charge of carrying out the Jumu`ah Prayer and the two `Eed Prayers and the Muslims pray behind him unless he chooses to appoint someone from the Scholars or from the Students of Knowledge to lead the people in Prayer. However, the basic principle is that he (the ruler) has more right to leading the Prayer with regard to the Jumu`ah Prayer (Friday Prayer) and the two `Eed Prayers. So if he appoints someone to do this then he may do so, and this is what action is upon at present.

Secondly, is that he is the one who establishes the Hajj and he leads the people performing Hajj. And he is in charge of them and he looks into any problems they may have.

Thirdly, is establishment of jihaad in Allaah’s cause; this is from the functions carried out by the ruler. He is the one who gives command for it and he is the one who organises the flags and he is the one who chooses the armies and those who are going to fight. And he appoints the commanders and he appoints the squadrons (army units) and he appoints the armies and he provides the fighters with weaponry. And he gives them directions with regard to fighting the enemy and he specifies the direction in which they are to attack.

So jihaad is from the roles of the ruler; and jihaad is not fowdaa (chaos or anarchy) such that everyone who wants to take up arms and go and fight and attack does so and says, “I am fighting jihaad in Allaah’s cause!” This is not jihaad in Allaah’s cause. Jihaad in Allaah’s cause is properly arranged and it is regulated by legislated regulations (of the Sharee`ah, the Islaamic Law). But as for when it is opened up to chaos then it becomes mere destruction, and its harm becomes more than its benefit, if there is actually any benefit in it at all. So the harm resulting from it is greater. So affairs have regulating principles and jihaad is a tremendous affair. It requires that it is correctly regulated and it needs to be restricted by the rulings which are mentioned for jihaad in the Book and the Sunnah and in the speech of the People of Knowledge. The matter is not of fowdaa (chaos or anarchy) such that a person comes from the callers to fitnah (discord) and sets himself up as the leader for those people who are extremists or radicals or ignorant people, those who do not know, he becomes their leader and he says, “We will fight jihaad in Allaah’s cause.” This is counted as being one of the things that cause harm to Islaam and to the Muslims; and this is not jihaad because it is not restricted by the regulating principles which govern jihaad. And if it is not restricted by the regulating principles of jihaad then it just becomes fasaad (corruption) and it is not jihaad. And everything which exceeds its due limits then it turns over and it becomes its opposite. So they now say to those who criticise them, “You are preventing jihaad in Allaah’s cause.”

So we say, “We are not preventing jihaad in Allaah’s cause. However, we say that it is essential that jihaad is regulated by its legislated regulating principles, whereas what you people are doing is fowdaa (chaos) and it is not jihaad and Allaah did not command with it.”

So establishment of the Hajj and fighting jihaad and the Jumu`ah and the `Eed Prayer, these are from the functions of the waleeul-amr (the person in authority).

His saying, “And praying the Jumu`ah Prayer behind them is permissible,” meaning, even if they have fisq (they commit open sins), even if they have acts of disobedience, still the person prays behind them because Prayer behind them retains unity and also a faasiq (an open sinner), if he does something that is good then you do good along with him. And for this reason when they said to `Uthmaan radiyAllaahu `anhu whilst he was being besieged, “So and so leads the people in Prayer and he is not the imaam (the ruler), rather he is just an imaam of fitnah (he is just the leader of discord/tribulation).”

So `Uthmaan radiyAllaahu `anhu said, “O son of my brother, if the people do what is good then do that which is good along with them and if they do something evil then avoid their evil.” [01]

So if he prays then we pray along with him if he is the one in authority, even if he has open sins or acts of disobedience, because of the welfare which lies in doing that. Because the Prayer is worship and the sinful person, faasiq, if he prays then he should be encouraged upon that, supplication made for him. And the Companions they prayed behind rulers who had points against them such as al-Hajjaaj and others. The Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam prayed behind them in compliance with command of the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and in order to retain unity.

His saying, “And he should pray after it six rak`ahs.” This is a matter of fiqh; it comes here in accordance with the mention of the Jumu`ah Prayer. So the Jumu`ah Prayer has no raatibah (regular Sunnah Prayer) before it. So whoever comes to the mosque then he should pray whatever is easy for him and then sit and wait (for the imaam to come out). And if he continues praying until the imaam attends then that is more excellent upon the basis that this is unrestricted optional Prayer; it has no connection to the Jumu`ah Prayer itself. As for the raatibah (regular Sunnah Prayer) of the Jumu`ah then it comes after it. Its least amount is two rak`ahs and its greatest amount, in what is famous, is four rak`ahs with two salutations (two salaams). And there comes in one saying (within the Hanbaliyy math.hab) that it is six rak`ahs with three salutations. Therefore, its least amount will be two rak`ahs and its greatest amount is six rak`ahs, or four rak`ahs as is what is famous.

His saying “He separates between each pair of two rak`ahs. This was the saying of Ahmad ibn Hanbal.”[02] Meaning, that does not mean that he prays six rak`ahs altogether with one salaam (salutation at the end of it). Rather six rak`ahs; every two rak`ahs with one salaam (after it); or four rak`ahs with each pair of rak`ahs before the salaam, and this is better. And it’s being ascribed to Imaam Ahmad is because the author (Imaam alBarbahaaree) was a Hanbaliyy (meaning from the students of the students of Imaam Ahmad ibn Hanbal) and he was well acquainted with the position of Imaam Ahmad. This was a report from Ahmad that it is six rak`ahs. What is famous is that it is four rak`ahs. [03]

Footnotes:

[01] Reported by al-Bukhaariyy in his Saheeh (no. 695) from `Ubaydillaah ibn `Adiyy ibn Khiyaar with it (this narration)

[02] There occurs in the Masaa·il of `Abdullaah, son of Imaam Ahmad, that `Abdullaah said, “I asked my father, ‘How many rak`ahs should a man pray after Jumu`ah?’ I said, ‘What is more beloved to you (that he should pray)?’

So he said, ‘If he wishes, he can pray four after the Jumu`ah and if he wishes he can pray six; except that he should give the salutation after each two rak`ahs. That is the saying with regard to all of the (optional) Prayers of the day; all of them are in pairs.’”

Translator’s side point: There are a number of books of the students of Imaam Ahmad that report matters of fiqh from him and there are a number of separate books in that regard. There is the Masaa·il of his son `Abdullaah and Masaa·il of his student Aboo Daawood and Masaa·il of a number of other of his students. Each one is called the Masaa·il of Imaam Ahmad by such and such from his students. This one referred to here is the Masaa·il (The Questions of Fiqh) put to Imaam Ahmad, collected by his son `Abdullaah.

[03] Translator’s side point: In Riyaadus-Saaliheen we had the hadeeth of Ibn `Umar reported by alBukhaariyy and Muslim that the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam after the Jumu`ah entered his house and prayed two rak`ahs. Likewise in Saheeh Muslim there’s a hadeeth that Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said, “When one of you has prayed the Jumu`ah let him pray four after it.”

Shaykh Ahmad an-Najmiyy rahimahullaah mentioned this issue in his explanation and mentioned there are evidences for two and there are evidences of four.

Then he said, “And the six (praying six) is one report from Imaam Ahmad and it was the saying, from the Companions, of `Aliyy ibn Abee Taalib and Aboo Moosaa radiyAllaahu `anhumaa; and from the taabi`een (it was the saying of) `Ataa and Mujaahid (the two great imaams of Makkah from the taabi`een; `Ataa bin Abee Rabaah and Mujaahid ibn Jabr) and of Humayd ibn `Abdir-Rahmaan and it was the saying of Sufyaan ath-Thowree, great imaam.

Shaykh Ahmad preferred the saying, as is the view of Shaykhul-Islaam ibn Taymiyyah, that what is preferred in his view is: if a person prays it in his house he prays two rak`ahs and if he prays it in the mosque he prays four. (He said,) “That is more established with regard to the evidence behind it.”

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 25

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

Visit : Book Study of Sharhu Sunnah of Imaam Barbahaaree

Related Links:
https://abdurrahman.org/rulers/
https://abdurrahman.org/jihad/
https://abdurrahman.org/salah/friday-jumuah/

O Messenger of Allah! Give me permission to commit Zina (unlawful sex)

“Come not near to unlawful sex. Verily, it is Fahishah (immoral sin) and an evil way.” –  Surah No.17 Al-Isra , Aaayat 32

Allah says, forbidding His servants to commit Zina or to approach it or to do anything that may lead to it:

(And come not near to unlawful sex. Verily, it is a Fahishah (immoral sin)) meaning a major sin,

(and an evil way.) meaning, a terrible way to behave.

Imam Ahmad recorded Abu Umamah saying that a young man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, “O Messenger of Allah! Give me permission to commit Zina (unlawful sex).” The people surrounded him and rebuked him, saying, “Stop! Stop!” But the Prophet ﷺ said,

(Come close) The young man came to him, and he ﷺ said,

(Sit down) so he sat down. The Prophet ﷺ said,

(Would you like it (unlawful sex) for your mother) He said, “No, by Allah, may I be ransomed for you.” The Prophet ﷺ said,

(Neither do the people like it for their mothers.) The Prophet ﷺ said,

(Would you like it for your daughter) He said, “No, by Allah, may I be ransomed for you.” The Prophet ﷺ said,

(Neither do the people like it for their daughters. ) The Prophet ﷺ said,

(Would you like it for your sister) He said, “No, by Allah, may I be ransomed for you.” The Prophet ﷺ said,

(Neither do the people like it for their sisters.) The Prophet ﷺ said,

(Would you like it for your paternal aunt) He said, “No, by Allah, O Allah’s Messenger! may I be ransomed for you.” The Prophet ﷺ said,

(Neither do the people like it for their paternal aunts.) The Prophet ﷺ said,

(Would you like it for your maternal aunt) He said, “No, by Allah, O Allah’s Messenger! may I be ransomed for you.” The Prophet ﷺ said,

(Neither do the people like it for their maternal aunts.) Then the Prophet ﷺ put his hand on him and said,

(O Allah, forgive his sin, purify his heart and guard his chastity.) After that the young man never paid attention to anything of that nature.

Source: Tafseer Ibn Katheer (Surah No.17 Al-Isra , Aaayat 32), Darussalam English Publication

Related Link : https://abdurrahman.org/category/islam/zinaa-adultery-fornication/

Hearing and obeying the Rulers in that which Allaah loves & is pleased with – Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 24 : Point 26
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

And hearing and obeying the rulers in that which Allaah loves and is pleased with. So whoever becomes the khaleefah through the consensus of the people for him and their being pleased with him, then he is the ameerul-mu’mineen (Chief of the Believers). It is not permissible for anyone to spend a night thinking that he has no ruler over him whether he (the ruler) be righteous or sinful.

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

From the usool (fundamental principles) of the Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa`ah that are established in the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah of the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam is hearing and obeying those in authority of the affairs of the Muslims.

He, the Most High, said:

O you who Believe! Obey Allaah and obey the Messenger and those in authority amongst you. (Sooratun-Nisaa· (4), aayah 59)

From amongst you – Meaning from the Muslims. And the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said,

“I council you with taqwaa (dutifulness to Allaah), and with hearing and obeying; even if a slave takes charge of you.” [01]

And in a narration,
“Even if an Abyssinian slave takes charge of you.” [02]

And in a narration,
“Even if it be a slave whose limbs are cut off.” [03]

Meaning with his feet and hands cut off. As long as he is waleeul-amr (the one in authority) it is obligatory to obey him upon good. So this is from the usool (fundamentals) of `aqeedah. And the one who revolts against the Muslim rulers, he is from the daalleen, those people who are astray. Either he will be a khaarijiyy (one of the Khawaarij) or he will be a mu`taziliyy (one of the Mu`tazilah) or a person of some false and futile sectarian way contrary to the Sunnah of the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam.

His saying, “And hearing and obeying the rulers with regard to that which Allaah loves and is pleased with.” With this restriction: with regard to that which Allaah loves and is pleased with. As for ma`siyah (sin) then they are not obeyed in that. He sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said,

“There is to be no obedience to the creation in disobedience to the Creator.” [04]

And he `alayhis-salaatu was-salaam said,

“Obedience is only in what is good.” [05]

And this does not mean that if the one in authority orders a sin to be committed that he is to be stripped of his rulership; rather, just that he is not obeyed upon this sin, but he is still to be obeyed in whatever is not a sin and his rulership remains, and he is obeyed in that which is not a sin.

His saying, “And whoever becomes their khaleefah by consensus of the people upon him and their being pleased with him then he is ameerul-mu·mineen (Chief of the Believers.).” This is an explanation of how rulership comes about because imaamah (rulership) it comes about in one of a number of ways:

The first matter: is that which the author mentioned, and it is one whom the Muslims choose. And what is meant by those who choose the ruler is ahlul-halli wal `aqd, the people of authority and influence, with regard to the Scholars (the `ulamaa·) and the `umaraa· (the governors) and the people in charge of political affairs of the state and the army chiefs. And it does not mean that choosing the ruler is for everyone with regard to the children and the women and the town dwellers and the bedouins, because the people follow on from the people of authority and influence. So if the people of authority and influence choose a ruler, it becomes obligatory upon the rest of the people to obey him. And this is just as occurred with the khilaafah of Aboo Bakr as-Siddeeq; because the Companions, after the passing away of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam, they were agreed upon giving the pledge (bay`ah) to as-Siddeeq. So the rest of the nation, they followed on from those who chose as-Siddeeq, and the affair was not opened up to everyone to have a share in choosing, because this is from the role specific to the people of authority and influence. So the Muslims chose Aboo Bakr radiyAllaahu `anhu, who was the best of them, and this choice they made has evidences in the Sunnah of the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam:

Firstly, that Aboo Bakr was the most excellent one of the Companions unrestrictedly; no-one disagreed about this.

And secondly, that the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam gave indications that he would succeed him. From them is that when he fell sick with his final illness he put him forward for the Prayer to lead the Muslims in the place of Prayer of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam; [06] and he stood in the standing place of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam. This is an indication that he would be their imaam in the khilaafah also, just as he was their imaam in the Prayer. So therefore, they chose Aboo Bakr radiyAllaahu `anhu; and they said, “Should it be the case that Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam was pleased with you for our Religion and that we are not pleased with you for our worldly affairs?” And the pledge to him, the bay`ah, was carried out and the Companions were agreed upon that, those who were involved in directly choosing; and those who were not directly involved then he is a follower. And the Muslims are a single united body and a single hand.

The second matter: is that when Aboo Bakr was at the point of death he chose `Umar ibnul-Khattaab and specified him to take his place; so the Muslims heard him and obeyed him. And this is the second way from the ways of establishing rulership, and it is that the person in authority chooses the one who will take charge after his death, just as Aboo Bakr did when he chose `Umar radiyAllaahu `anhu.

The third matter: If one of the Muslims overcomes and gains authority and causes the people to submit to his rulership then he will be their chief and ruler as occurred regarding `Abdul-Malik ibn Marwaan. Because when there was disagreement after the death of Yazeed ibn Mu`aawiyah, then `Abdul Malik ibn Marwaan ibn al-Hakam took control of the affair [07]. And he was a man bold/astute, determined, strong and Allaah brought about benefit through him. And the pledge to him (the bay`ah) was established and the Muslims heard him and obeyed so in that lay good for the Muslims.

So these are the ways in which rulership of the ruler can be established; either by the people of authority and influence choosing, or by the previous ruler specifying the one who will take charge after him or by someone from the Muslims taking control such that he becomes their ruler and the people submit to him and obey and comply with him, then in that case it is not permissible for anyone to split and break the unity.

And his saying, “by consensus of the Muslims,” it should not be understood from this that it is essential for all of the Muslims to make the choice. However, that will be attained by the consensus of the people of authority and influence as happened in the time of Aboo Bakr radiyAllaahu `anhu and as happened with regard to the khilaafah of `Uthmaan radiyAllaahu `anhu; for the ones who chose him were the ahlush-shooraa (People of the Council) and they were the remainder of the ten promised Paradise. They chose him, so his rulership was established and no-one raised any objection to that. Rather, they all agreed in consensus to the rulership of `Uthmaan radiyAllaahu `anhu.

His saying, “It is not permissible for anyone to spend a night thinking that there is no ruler over him whether he be a righteous person or a wicked/sinful person.” This is a very important matter, and it is that it is not permissible for a person to rebel against the United Body of the Muslims and to separate away from obedience. For if he does that “and he spends a single night and he has no ruler” whose rulership he believes (meaning, not believing he has rulership over him), then this person “has thrown off the rope of Islaam from his neck.” [08]

Meaning that he was along with the Muslims and connected to the Muslims but when he rebelled/went out of obedience to the ruler, then he cut his link with the Muslims; just like the small lambs which used to have a long rope which would have loops coming off it, and the heads of the lambs would be put in these loops to safeguard them from being lost; and they were called ar-ribq (nooses). So the Muslims being united upon a ruler is likened to that. So whoever departs from obedience to the ruler, then he has thrown off this noose from his neck and exposed himself to becoming lost and to the wolves and to the winds. It does not mean that he becomes a disbeliever, its meaning is that he has split away from the united body (the Jamaa`ah) and he has exited from obedience, so he has become like an animal that has left his connecting rope and has exposed itself to wild animals and to being snatched away or stolen.

And it should not be said, “I haven’t given any pledge of allegiance and I have no ruler,” for you are just one of the Muslims, so when the people of influence and authority give the pledge then you follow on from them.

Footnotes:

[01] This is part of the hadeeth of al-`Irbaad ibn Saariyah radiyAllaahu `anhu and its checking has already preceded.

Translator’s side point: This hadeeth is a hadeeth reported by Aboo Daawood and at-Tirmithiyy and Ibn Maajah and others and declared saheeh (authentic) by Shaykh al-Albaaniyy.

[02] Reported by al-Bukhaariyy (no. 693) from Anas radiyAllaahu `anhu and reported by Muslim in his Saheeh (no. 1837) from a hadeeth of Ummul-Husayn radiyAllaahu `anhaa (it says Umm Mihsan and it should say Ummul-Husayn radiyAllaahu `anhaa).

One of the wordings of the hadeeth reported by Muslim,

“Even if it be an Abyssinian slave with his limbs cut off.”

[03] Reported by Muslim (no. 1837) from a hadeeth of Ummul-Husayn radiyAllaahu `anhaa and also reported by Muslim (no. 648) from Aboo Tharr radiyAllaahu `anhu.

[04] This hadeeth is reported by Imaam Ahmad in the Musnad and at-Tabaraaniyy in al-Mu`jamul-Kabeer and al-Qudaa`ee in the Musnad of Shihaab and others. And the wording here is that of at-Tabaraaniyy and of al-Qudaa`ee. And the wording of Ahmad is,

“There is to be no obedience to a created being in disobedience to Allaah.”

[Translator’s side point: And this is from the hadeeth of `Imraan Ibn Husayn radiyAllaahu `anhu. It was declared saheeh, authentic, by Shaykh al-Albaaniyy in As-Saheehah (no. 179)]

The basis of this occurs in the two Saheehs as a hadeeth of `Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anhu and it will follow.

[05] Reported by al-Bukhaariyy in his Saheeh (no. 7145) and Muslim in his Saheeh (no. 1840) as a hadeeth of `Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anhu and the wording of Muslim is, “There is no obedience in disobedience to Allaah. Obedience is only in what is good.”

[06] Reported by al-Bukhaariyy and Muslim (no.418) from a hadeeth of `Aa·ishah radiyAllaahu `anhaa.

[07] Translator’s side point: He took charge in the year 65 and his khilaafah lasted until year 86 or 87; Allaahu A`lam.

[08] Muslim reports in his Saheeh from a hadeeth of `Abdullaah ibn `Umar with the wording, “And whoever dies and he does not have pledge to the ruler upon his neck, he will die a death of the days of ignorance.”

And in a narration from Ibn `Umar reported by al-Haakim in (his book) al-Mustadrak upon the Two Saheehs (that Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said),

“Whoever departs from the United Body of the Muslims (the Jamaa`ah) by a hand span then he has thrown off the rope of Islaam from his neck until he returns.”

And he said,

“And whoever dies and does not have a ruler of the Jamaa’ah (the United Body of Muslims) upon him then his death will be a death of the days of ignorance.”

Translator’s side point: This hadeeth was mentioned by Shaykh al-Albaaniyy in As-Saheehah affirming it under hadeeth no. 984 and it was declared by Shaykh Muqbil rahimahullaah in his checking of al-Mustadrak that he said this hadeeth is to the standard of Muslim.

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 24

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
(A Gift To The Reader In Annotation Of Sharh As-Sunnah)
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

Listen to the full Audio Series of Sharhu Sunnah
Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

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Related Linkhttps://abdurrahman.org/rulers/

The most important part of the call of the Messengers – Tawheedul-Uloohiyyah (Singling out Allaah with all Worship) – Shaykh Rabee

The Importance of Tawheedul-Uloohiyyah
(Singling out Allaah with all Worship)

I will discuss tawheed of Allaah with regard to worship (Tawheedul-Uloohiyyah) and its importance because of two reasons:

Firstly, that it is the most important part of the call of the Messengers presented to us in the Qur’aan, and because it was the reason for the continual struggle between them and their enemies, the proud and haughty, and the obstinate, in every nation. It has continued as the reason for conflict until this day, and perhaps it will continue as such until the Day of Resurrection, as a trial and test for the inheritors of the Messengers, and in order to raise their station.

Secondly, the most severe and dangerous deviation afflicting the Muslims in the east and the west is with regard to it, and this affects the majority of the ignorant amongst the Muslims and many of those who are educated and those who associate themselves with knowledge. So we will begin by presenting the calls of the Prophets in general, and then present the call of some of them in particular.

Allaah, the Most High, says,

“We sent a Messenger to every nation ordering them that they should worship Allaah alone, obey Him and make their worship purely for Him, and that they should avoid everything worshipped besides Allaah. So from them there were those whom Allaah guided to His religion, and there were those who were unbelievers for whom misguidance was ordained. So travel through the land and see the destruction that befell those who denied the Messengers and disbelieved.”[1]

Allaah, the Most High, says,

“We did not send any Messenger before you, O Muhammad (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم )  , except that We revealed to him that none has the right to be worshipped except Allaah, so make all of your worship purely for Him.”[2]

He, the Most High, says after mentioning a number of stories of the Prophets, alayhimus-salaatu was-salaam: 

“This religion of yours is a single religion, and I am your Lord, so worship Me alone.”[3] 

Allaah, the Most High, says:

“O Messengers, eat from the food which Allaah has made lawful, and do correct and righteous deeds. Indeed, I am fully aware of whatever you do. Indeed this religion of yours is a single religion, and I am your Lord so keep yourselves safe from My punishment by obeying Me.”[4]

Al-Haafidh Ibn Katheer said, “Mujaahid, Sa’eed ibn Jubayr, Qataadah and Abdur-Rahmaan ibn Zayd ibn Aslam said about the saying of Allaah, the Most High,  which means, ‘Your religion is one.’[5] Then the meaning of these two Aayaat occurs in the Sunnah in his (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم )   saying, “I am the closest of the people to ‘Eesaa ibn Maryam in this world and the Hereafter. The Prophets are brothers, their mothers are different, but their religion is one.”[6]

Also Allaah, the Most High, says about the Messengers who were firmest in determination (oolul-‘adham), alayhimus-salaatu was -salaam:

“Your Lord prescribed for you O people, the same religion which He prescribed for Nooh, and that which We revealed to you O Muhammad (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ), and which He prescribed for Ibraaheem, and Moosaa, and ’Eesaa, that you should establish the religion, acting upon what is prescribed, and not split into sects with regard to it. It is intolerable to the polytheists that you call them to sincerely worship Allaah alone and reject worship of all else besides Him. But Allaah chooses for His religion whomever He pleases and He guides those who turn to Him in repentance and obedience, to act in obedience to Him, and to follow the guidance with which He sent His Messenger.”[7]

This was the call of all the Prophets, and at the head of them the Messengers who were firmest in determination. So the Prophets who numbered one hundred and twenty four thousand [8] followed a single methodology in their call, and began from a single starting point which is tawheed, the greatest issue and most important principle which they conveyed to all mankind, throughout the ages and despite their varying societies, lands and times.

This is a proof that this is the single way which must be followed in calling the people to Allaah, and it is something laid down by Allaah to be followed by all of His Prophets and their true and sincere followers. It is not permissible to change or replace it, nor to turn away from it.

Examples From the Calls of Some of the Messengers

Allaah, the Most High, has informed us about some of the individuals from the greater Prophets, and how they faced their people. We see that all of them proceeded upon the universal way laid down for them by Allaah and they followed the methodology established for all of them by Allaah. Not a single one of them is at variance with it. Allaah, the Most High, says,

“And We sent Nooh to his people saying, ‘I am a clear warner sent to you, that you should worship none besides Allaah. Indeed, if you do not make all your worship purely for Him I fear for you the torment of a painful Day.’ The chiefs of the disbelievers amongst his people said, ‘We see that you are but a man like ourselves and we do not see you followed except by the lowest of the people, in what is apparent to us. Nor do we see that you have any excellence over us, rather we think that you are a liar.’”[9]

Allaah, the Most High, says,

“And to ’Aad We sent Hood, saying, ‘O my people worship Allaah, making all of your worship purely for Him, since there is none besides Him having the right to be worshipped by you. Will you not fear your Lord?’ The leaders of those who disbelieved amongst his people said, ‘We see you upon error (due to your abandonment of our religion and worship of our gods) and we think that you are a liar (in claiming to be a Messenger from the Lord of the Worlds).’ He said, ‘O my People, I am not upon error, I am indeed a Messenger sent by the Lord of the Worlds. I convey to you the Message of my Lord and am sincere in my advice and faithful to my trust. Do you wonder that Allaah should send admonition for you through a man from amongst you, warning you of Allaah’s punishment and to fear Him? And remember the blessings of Allaah upon you in that He made you successors to the people of Nooh (after drowning them for their unbelief and denial of their Messenger), and He increased you in height and size. So remember the favours bestowed upon you by Allaah, so that you may be successful.’ They said, ‘Do you come to us warning us of punishment from Allaah for that which we practise as religion, so that we should instead worship Allaah alone and forsake what our fathers used to worship? We will not do that, so bring us the punishment which you threaten us with if you are truthful.’ He said, ‘Allaah’s punishment and wrath have become unavoidable for you. Do you dispute with me about mere idols which you and your fathers have given names to, things which can neither bring harm nor benefit, and Allaah has given no proof or excuse for their worship? Then wait for Allaah’s judgement between us, I too shall wait.’ So We saved Hood and those with him through Our Mercy (due to their eemaan and their worship of Allaah alone), and we annihilated those who rejected Our signs and were not Believers.”[10]

This was the call of the Messengers, all of them followed this methodology in their da’wah to Allaah: they called first to the tawheed of Allaah, and that He alone must be singled out with all worship. Then their people opposed them because of this, except those whom Allaah guided, facing them with mockery, charging them with being liars and seeking to ridicule them. As Allaah, the Most High, says:

“Many Prophets were sent to the earlier peoples, and no Prophet came to them except that the people met him with mockery.”[11]

There is nothing more severe and hurtful to lofty believing souls than accusations of falsehood, ridicule and mockery. These things are more hurtful to them than being struck with swords and imprisonment and punishment. This fact is mentioned by the Arab poet who said, “Being harmed by close relatives is more painful to the soul than being struck with a sharpened sword.”

’Aa’ishah, radiyallaahu ’anhaa, asked the Prophet (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم )  , “Has there been a day more severe upon you than the Day of Uhud?” So he said, “Your tribe has troubled me greatly, and the most troublesome thing which I experienced from them was on the day of ’Aqabah when I presented myself to ’Abd Yaaleel ibn ’Abd Kulaal and he didn’t respond as I had hoped. So I returned overwhelmed with sorrow and did not recover until I reached Qarnuth-Tha’aalib.[12] I raised my head and saw a cloud shading me, then I looked and saw Jibreel in it, and he called me saying, ‘Allaah has heard what your people said to you and their reply, and Allaah has sent the Angel of the mountains to you, for you to order him to do whatever you wish.’ So the Angel of the mountains called me and greeted me with salaam and then said, ‘O Muhammad, Allaah has heard what your people said to you, and I am the Angel of the mountains, and my Lord has sent me to you for you to order me as you wish. So what do you wish?’ So Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم )   said, “No, rather I hope that from their offspring will come those who will worship Allaah alone and not worship anything else besides Him.”[13]

This hadeeth clearly shows the da’wah of Allaah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and his perseverance in that, and his mildness with his people. See how he was patient with them and asked for them to be spared from destruction which would have wiped them out. He instead hoped for good from Allaah, and hoped that from their offspring would come those who worshipped Allaah alone, not worshipping anything besides Him. Indeed what a noble and lofty goal, which is not realized except by those who taste the blessing of tawheed and know its station.

The books of Seerah[14] detail some of the answers given by those who mocked him and their scornful stance when he invited them to Islaam. They mention that he went to a number of the nobles and leaders of the tribe of Thaqeef, and they were three brothers, ’Abd Yaleel, Mas’ood and Habeeb… and he sat with them and called them to Allaah and asked them to support Islaam and stand with him against those of his people who opposed him. So one of them said, “If it is actually true that Allaah has sent you, then He is tearing down the covering of the Ka’bah.” The second said, “Could Allaah not find anyone to send but you?” The third said, “By Allaah, I will never speak with you. If you are truly a Messenger from Allaah as you claim, then you are more serious than to have me reply to your words, and if you are lying against Allaah then it is not proper that I should ever speak to you.” So Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم )   left having despaired of good from Thaqeef.[15]

What we see from the hadeeth and the stroy is that mockery and scorn and harm caused by the foolish idolaters was more severe to the Prophets than any other trouble, even more so than the fierce battles in which lives are spent and the blood of their pure companions is shed. Indeed on the Day of Uhud more than seventy Companions of Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم )   were martyred.[16] Amongst them: Mus’ab ibn ’Umayr,[17] and Hamzah ibn ’Abdil- Muttalib[18] the paternal uncle of Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم )  , and Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم )   was injured in the face and his incisor was broken.[19] He also suffered along with his Companions at the hands of the hypocrites, and suffered great harm and hardship before that in Makkah, and at Badr and other battles. Yet despite all of this, the severest trouble which he faced was on the Day of Taa’if because of the mockery and contempt which he faced to such a degree that it is unbearable for pure souls. Furthermore Allaah’s Messenger (صلّى الله عليه وسلّم )   said, Those who suffered the severest trials are the Prophets, then those who are most like them, then those who are most like them after that.[20]

So those who are most like them, and then those who are next closest are those who proceed upon their methodology in calling to Allaah, and called to what they called to, i.e. to the tawheed of Allaah and that He is to be singled out with all worship, and to rejection of all shirk (attribution of any form or part of worship to anyone besides Allaah). Such people will suffer similar harm and trials as suffered by the Prophets who are their example. It is because of this fact that you see many of the callers departing away from this difficult methodology, and this rugged path, since the caller who follows it will have to face opposition from his mother, his father, his brother, his friends and those whom he loves. He will be opposed by the society which will treat him as an enemy and seek to mock and harm him. So many callers divert their attention to other aspects of Islaam which do have their place, and are not denied by anyone who truly believes in Allaah, except that those aspects do not involve that difficulty and hardship and do not bring about mockery and harm particularly in Islamic societies. This is because the majority of the people of the ummah of Islaam are willing to gather around these type of callers, and they throw praise and honour upon them instead of mockery and harm, unless they pose a threat to the rulers and are a danger to their positions, in which case they suppress them brutally. For example political parties which oppose the rulers and threaten to dethrone them. In such a case the rulers will show no love to relatives or friends, Muslims or disbelievers.

Then in any case we say to those callers: no matter how much noise they make, and no matter how high they raise their voices in the name of Islaam, restrain yourselves because you have left the way prescribed by Allaah and His Straight Path, upon which the Prophets and their followers proceeded in calling to tawheed of Allaah and to making the religion purely for Him. So no matter how much you speak and raise your voices in the name of Islaam, you are still deviating from the methodology of the Prophets which was laid down by Allaah. No matter how much effort you expend, and how much you manage to extend your da’wah and your own methodology, you are still preoccupying yourselves with the means to the exclusion of the goal. Then what use are the means[21] if they merely harm the goal, and they themselves grow at its expense.

Indeed woe to those callers who obstinately persist upon the methodologies which they themselves have innovated, those who fight against the methodology of the Prophets in calling to the tawheed of Allaah, beneath dazzling banners and slogans which captivate the simple minded and those ignorant of the methodology and way of the Prophets.

Footnotes

[1] Soorah an-Nahl (16):36.

[2] Soorah al-Ambiyaa (21):25.

[3] Soorah al-Ambiyaa (21):92.

[4] Soorah al-Muminoon (23):51-52.

[5] Tafseer Ibn Katheer (5/365).

[6] Reported by al-Bukhaaree (Eng. trans. 4/434 no.652) and Muslim (Eng. trans. 4/1260 no.5834).

[7] Soorah ash-Shooraa (42):13.

[8] As shown by the hadeeth of Aboo Dharr, reported by al-Bukhaaree in, at-Taareekhul-Kabeer (5/447), and Ahmad in al-Musnad (5/178 and 179) by way of al-Mas’oodee, from Aboo ’Umar ad-Dimashqee, from ’Ubayd ibn al-Hashaas, from Aboo Dharr. It is also reported by Ibn Hibbaan as occurs in al-Mawaarid (no.94), and Aboo Nu’aym in al-Hilyah (1/166-168) and he indicated other chains of narration from Aboo Dharr. It is also reported by Ahmad (5/265), Ibn Abee Haatim in his Tafseer (quoted by Ibn Katheer (2/324), and at-Tabaraanee (8/258)). It also has a further chain of narration from Aboo Umaamah quoting the number of the Messengers (Rusul) which is three hundred and thirteen, and that is reported by at-Tabaraanee (8/139) and Ibn Hibbaan, as occurs in al-Mawaarid (no.2085). Ibn Katheer said, “It is reported by at-Tabaraanee and its narrators are those of the Saheeh except Ahmad ibn Khaleed al-Halabee, and he is reliable.”

[9] Soorah Hood (11):25-27.

[10] Soorah al-A’raaf (7):65-72.

[11] Soorah az-Zukhruf (43):6-7.

[12] A place between Makkah and at-Taa’if also called Qarnul-Manaazil.

[13] Reported by al-Bukhaaree (Eng. trans. 4/300 no.454) and Muslim (Eng. trans. 3/987 no.4425).

[14] Books about the life of the Prophet (ﷺ).

[15] Al-Bidaayah wan-Nihaayah,’(3/135) and ad-Durar Fikhtisaaril-Maghaazee was-Siyaar (p.35) of Ibn ’Abdul-Barr.

[16] Al-Bukhaaree, rahimahullaah, said, (Eng. trans. 5/279 ch. 25), “Chapter: The Muslims who were killed on the Day of Uhud… ’Amr ibn ’Alee narrated to us: Mu’aadh ibn Hishaam narrated to us, saying: My father narrated to me from: Qataadah, who said, ‘We do not know of any tribe amongst the Arabs who lost more martyrs, and will have superiority on the Day of Resurrection, than the Ansaar.’ And Qataadah said: Anas ibn Maalik narrated to us: that seventy of the Ansaar were martyred on the day of Uhud, and seventy on the day of Bir Ma’oonah, and seventy on the day of al-Yamaamah.

[17] From Khabbaab, radiyallaahu ’anhu, who said, “We emigrated along with the Prophet (ﷺ) seeking thereby only the Face of Allaah, so our reward became assured with Allaah. Then there were some of us who died not having taken anything from his reward. From them was Mus’ab ibn ’Umayr who was killed on the day of Uhud and did not leave anything behind except a small striped sheet. When we covered his head with it his feet were uncovered, and when we covered his feet with it his head was uncovered. So the Prophet said, ‘Cover his head with it, and place idhkhir (a sweet smelling rush) upon his feet.’” (Reported by al- Bukhaaree (Eng. trans.5/281/no. 408), Muslim (Eng. trans. 2/446/no. 2050 ), Ahmad and an- Nasaa’ee.

[18] The story of his martyrdom is to be found in Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (Eng. trans. 5/74-277/no. 399 ) and the Musnad of Imaam Ahmad (3/500-501).

[19] From Anas, radiyallaahu ‘anhu, who said: “On the day of Uhud the Prophet (ﷺ) was injured in the face and said, ‘How can a people who injure the face of the Prophet (ﷺ) be successful?’ And so the Aayah, “Not for you is the decision…’ (Soorah Aal-’Imraan (3):128) was sent down.” Reported by al-Bukhaaree (Eng. trans. 5/272 ch.20 and Muslim (Eng. trans. 2/985 no.4417), and Muslim also reports (Eng. trans. 2/984/4414) the hadeeth of Sahl ibn Sa’d with the wording, “Allaah’s Messenger (ﷺ) was wounded in his face and his incisor was broken and his helmet was crushed upon his head.”

[20] Reported by Tirmidhee (4/602 no.2398), Ibn Maajah (2/1334 no. 4023), ad-Daarimee (2/228, no. 2786) and Ahmad (1/172, 174, 180, 185), all of them by way of ’Aasim ibn Abin-Nujood, who is generally acceptable (sudooq), but makes mistakes; from Mus’ab ibn Sa’d, Tirmidhee declared it to be hasan saheeh. But Tirmidhee’s declaration of its direct authenticity is debatable, and it as if he took into account other witnesses for it, since there are other supporting narrations for it:

(1) From Aboo Sa’eed al-Khudree, reported by Ibn Maajah (no. 4024), and its chain of narration is declared saheeh in az-Zawaa’id.

(2) The hadeeth of Faatimah bint al-Yamaan reported by Ahmad (6/329).

(3) The hadeeth of Aboo Hurairah indicated by Tirmidhee after reporting the original hadeeth.

[21] Rule is a means to calling to Allaah as Allaah, the Most High, says:

“Those who, when We establish them in the land, they establish the Prayer, pay the Zakaat, call the people to make all of their worship purely for Allaah, and to His obedience and to what is known by the People of eemaan to be good: And they warn against attribution of partners in worship to Allaah, and disobedience to Him.” [Soorah al-Hajj (22):41].

[Excerpted from the book : “The Methodology of the Prophets in Calling to Allaah – that is the way of wisdom and intelligence” – by Shaykh Rabee hafidhahullaah, translated by Dawud Burbank rahimahullah]

Download the full PDF Book:
https://abdurrahman.org/dawah/methodology-of-the-prophets-in-calling-to-allaah/

Refraining from Abusing the Companions – Sharh as-Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 23 : Point 25 (Part C)
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

(Imaam al-Barbahaaree continued)

Then the best of the people after them are those who accompanied Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam for a day, a month or a year or for less than that or more than that. We supplicate for mercy upon them and we mention their virtues and we withhold from speaking about any slips they made. We do not mention a single one of them except favourably because of the saying of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam,

“When my Companions are mentioned then withhold.”

Sufyaan ibn `Uyaynah said, “Whoever speaks against the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam with a single word then he is a person following desires.”

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

As-suhbah (Companionship) varies; so from it there was long Companionship and being constantly with the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam for a long time. Or whoever accompanied him for a short time; however such a person still has the virtue of Companionship even if his Companionship was short in length.

His saying, “We supplicate for mercy for them and we mention their virtues and we withhold from speaking about any slips they made.” Their haqq (right) upon us is that we supplicate for Allaah’s Pleasure upon them, and that we supplicate for Allaah’s Mercy upon them, and that we take them as examples to follow, and that we praise them. And we withhold our tongues from attacking them or a single one of them, or from delving into whatever occurred between them with regard to tribulations and wars; because each one of them was a mujtahid (striving to the best of his ability to attain the Truth). So some of them were a mujtahid (one who strove) and attained what was correct, then he will receive two rewards. And others from them were a mujtahid (one who strove to attain the Truth) but made a mistake, and for him there will be a single reward and the mistake is forgiven. Then also they have tremendous deeds which wipe away whatever occurred from some of them with regard to mistakes.

His saying, “We do not mention anyone of them except favourably…” because they intended the Truth and they strove to attain it; each one of them acted upon his own ijtihaad (striving). So some of them attained what was correct and some of them made a mistake, for which he will be forgiven, and all of them were Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and we do not enter into what occurred between them.

Carefully reflect upon this aayah,

And those who come after them. (Sooratul-Hashr (59), aayah 10)

Meaning after the Muhaajiroon and the Ansaar.

They say, “O our Lord! Forgive us and our brothers who preceded us upon eemaan and do not place in our hearts any ill-feeling towards those who believed.” (Sooratul-Hashr (59) aayah 10)

And therefore Shaykhul-Islaam ibn Taymiyyah rahimahullaah said in that regard, “From the usool (fundamental principles) of the Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa`ah is the sincerity, secureness, the soundness of their hearts and their tongues towards the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam.” [01]

‘The soundness of their hearts’; so they do not hate a single one of them. And ‘the sincerity and soundness of their tongues’ means that they do not speak against a single one of them and they do not belittle him. And the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said in the authentic hadeeth, “Do not abuse my Companions for, by the One in whose Hand is my soul, if one of you were to spend the like of Mount Uhud in gold in charity, it would not reach the hands full of one of them, nor even a half of it.” [02]

“Do not abuse my Companions,” but then there comes one who is defective in intellect, whose eemaan is shaky, who is following his desires and he speaks against the Companions of the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam. So this person if he is from the deviant sects then we would not speak at length about him. However, the problem is when he ascribes himself to the Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jamaa`ah and yet says, “This is from historical verification.” And do you have the duty put upon you of historical verification such that you have to enter into something which you do not know about and which results in dangerous consequences, and such that you cause the people to have doubts about the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and you provoke the hearts of the people against the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam? So what is obligatory is to withhold about whatever disputes occurred between them.

His saying “because of the saying of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam, “When my Companions are mentioned then withhold.” [03]

And even more explicit than it is his sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam’s saying, “Do not abuse my Companions.”

This is a prohibition of abusing any one of the Companions. So what is obligatory is that we supplicate for mercy for them and that we supplicate for forgiveness for them, acting upon His saying, He the Most High:

And those who come after them, they say, “O our Lord! Forgive us and our brothers who preceded us upon eemaan.” (Sooratul-Hashr (59) aayah10)

And that we withhold our tongues and our pens from speaking against the Companions of the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam; and that we defend them and we refute whoever belittles a single one of the Companions, and we nullify his saying because it is contrary to the correct `aqeedah (creed and belief), the `aqeedah of Ahlus-Sunnah walJamaa`ah.

And Shaykhul-Islaam says in al-Waasitiyyah, “What is related from them is either not authentic, so that is just lies and reports added with an evil intent; and what is authentic from it, then that person is a mujtahid; one striving to attain the truth. And a mujtahid, if he attains what is correct, then he receives two rewards, and if he makes a mistake then he will still get the one reward. And also they have such virtues that will drown out and cover over whatever occurred from some of them with regard to mistakes. [04]

The Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam said regarding Haatib ibn Abee Balta`ah radiyAllaahu `anhu when he applied his own ijtihaad and he wrote a letter to the people of Makkah, and `Umar radiyAllaahu `anhu said, “Let me strike off the neck of this hypocrite!” So he sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam responded, “You do not know O `Umar, perhaps Allaah looked upon the people of Badr and said ‘Do whatever you wish for I have forgiven you.’” [05] This Companion was one of those who was present at Badr.

His saying, “Sufyaan ibn `Uyaynah said, ‘Whoever speaks against the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam with a single word then he is a person following desires.’’’ Because no-one speaks against them except a person of desires and one who is trying to render the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam open to attack.

What is obligatory towards the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam is to have love and respect and honour for them, and to recognise their value, and to take them as a role model to follow because they are the best of generations, and because they saw the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and they believed in him, and they accompanied him and they aided him and they fought jihaad along with him, and they carried the knowledge from him. So they are the most excellent ones of this nation. Indeed, they are the most excellent ones of the whole of the creation after the Prophets because Allaah specifically chose them for Companionship of His Prophet Muhammad sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam, the last of the Prophets and the most excellent one of the Messengers. So no-one attacks them except one who has in his heart ghill (ill-feeling) and hiqd (hidden hatred) towards Islaam. So he does not attack them because of their persons; rather, he will only attack them because of what they did with regard to aiding this Religion and conveying it faithfully to mankind.

So the one who attacks them is only attacking on that account, because he has hidden hatred towards Islaam and feelings of vengeance towards Islaam, so he seeks to use this means to vent his anger, in order to sever the link of this nation with its Prophet Muhammad sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam; because they (Companions) are the intermediary between us and between the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam. So, this is the intent of those who attack them And therefore when He mentioned the Muhaajireen and the Ansaar in Sooratul-Hashr, He said;

And those who come after them, they say, “O our Lord! Forgive us and our brothers who preceded us upon eemaan and do not place any ill-feeling in our hearts towards those who believed. (Sooratul-Hashr (59) aayah 10)

So this shows that those who attack them, or a single one of them, then it is just on account of ghill (ill-feeling), which he finds in his heart against them. And therefore Sufyaan ibn `Uyaynah, the great imaam, said, “Whoever speaks against the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam with a single word, then he is a person following desires.”

Al-Hawaa (Desires) is what leads him to do this, and the desire is their hatred and their malice towards them. So therefore you’ll find the worst of the people are those who make attacks upon the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam, and they have been exposed by their lies and by being made hated amongst the people. So no-one will see one of them except that he will have strong dislike for him because Allaah has placed hatred for them upon the earth. So no-one will see one of those who has hatred towards the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam except that he will find himself having hatred towards them and loathing of them.

This will not harm the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and it will not harm Islaam. So the Companions, their worth and their reward is fully intact for them; and Islaam will persist and will be victorious, and all praise is for Allaah, and those people they only harm themselves. However, fear is for those people who read their books from those who do not have knowledge, so that something falls into his self against the Companions of Allah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and he is affected by that. So how many of the sons of the Muslims have fallen prey to this on account of reading the books of those people? Because if he reads them, then he will be affected by them and he will find himself having some hatred towards the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam, or at the very least their value with him will be diminished and they will decrease in his estimation.

So this is what is to be feared for the youth of the Muslims and for those who are not firmly established with knowledge, that they will be influenced by these books which attack the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam, especially since they are propagated now and they are embellished and they are brought out in the finest form with regard to printing and binding and they are promoted at book fairs. So they find that as an opportunity for them to spread and circulate attacks upon the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger (sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam).

And there is no doubt that an attack upon the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger (sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam) is an attack upon the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam; for how could his Companions have been from those people when they describe them with the evil characteristics that they give to them? So this is indeed is an attack upon the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam.

And also it is a denial of the Book of Allaah, for Allaah praised the Companions in the tremendous Qur·aan in a number of aayahs, from them His Saying, He, the Most High:

And the first and foremost ones from the Muhaajiroon and the Ansaar and those who followed them upon good, Allaah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him; and He has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow; they will dwell therein forever. That is a tremendous success. (Sooratut-Towbah (9) aayah 100)

He, the Most High, said:

Allaah was pleased with those believers when they gave the pledge beneath the tree. So He knew what was in their hearts and therefore He sent down tranquility upon them and He rewarded them with a victory close at hand and with plentiful booty for them to take. (Sooratul-Fat.h (48) aayahs 18-19)

And He, the Most High, said:

Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah. And those who are with him are stern against the disbelievers, merciful amongst themselves. You will see them bowing and prostrating, seeking Bounty from Allaah and His Pleasure. Their sign is upon their faces from the effect of prostration. That was their example in the Towraat. (Sooratul-Fat.h (48) aayah 29)

Meaning: That was their description in the Towraat. So they are mentioned in the Towraat, just as their Prophet Muhammad sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam was mentioned.

And their description in the Injeel
(Sooratul-Fat.h (48) aayah 29)

that which came down to `Eesaa,

(Their description in the Injeel) is that of a plant which puts forth a side shoot so that it strengthens it and it grows strong and stands straight upon its stalk. It delights the sowers; so that Allaah, through them, enrages the disbelievers. (Sooratul-Fat.h (48) aayah 29)

So this shows that no one feels rage towards the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger and no-one hates them except for a disbeliever, because of His Saying, He, the Most High:

So that Allaah causes the disbelievers to be enraged at them. (Sooratul-Fat.h (48) aayah 29)

So this is a sign of kufr (disbelief). So having hatred towards the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam is disbelief and nifaaq (hypocrisy), and Allaah’s refuge is sought.

His saying, “(Whoever speaks against the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam) with a single word then he is a follower of desires.” Meaning if he speaks in belittlement of the Companions with a single word then he is a person of desires.

So if this is the case on account of a single word then how about a person who writes whole books in abuse of them and in maligning/speaking ill of them, and seeks out places where they could have erred and seeks to inflate their seriousness? How about this; if that is the case when a person who speaks a single word against the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger (sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam), that he is a person who is a follower of desires, meaning he follows his desires? Because he does not speak except for some desire which he has in his soul and because of his having hatred towards the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger (sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam).

Footnotes:

[01] Al-`Aqeedatul-Waasitiyyah p.40

[02] Reported by al-Bukhaariyy (no. 3673) and reported by Muslim (no. 2541) from a hadeeth of Aboo Sa`eed al-Khudriyy radiyAllaahu `anhu.

[03] Reported by at-Tabaraaniyy in al-Mu`jamul-Kabeer and Aboo Nu`aym in Hilyatul-Owliyaa· as a hadeeth of `Abdullaah ibn Mas`ood radiyAllaahu `anhu and al-Haafiz al-`Iraaqiyy said in his Takhreejul-Ihyaa·, “Reported by at-Tabaraaniyy as a hadeeth of Ibn Mas`ood with a hasan (good) chain of narration.”

Translator’s side point: Shaykh al-Albaaniyy declared it saheeh (authentic) due to its supports in AsSaheehah (no. 34).

[04] Al-`Aqeedatul-Waasitiyyah p.40

[05] Reported by al-Bukhaariyy (no. 3007) and reported by Muslim as (no. 2494) as a hadeeth of `Aliyy radiyAllaahu `anhu.

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 23

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

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The Best of the Companions after the Khulafaa – Sharhu Sunnah | Dawud Burbank [Audio|En]

Sharhu Sunnah : Lesson 22 : Point 25 (Part B)
Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]

(Imaam al-Barbahaaree continued)

Then the most excellent of the people after them were: `Aliyy and Talhah and AzZubayr and Sa`d ibn Abee Waqqaas and Sa`eed ibn Zayd and `Abdur-Rahmaan ibn `Owf and Aboo `Ubaydah `Aamir ibnul-Jarraah. And all of them were suitable to be the khaleefah.

Then the most excellent of the people after them were the rest of the Companions of Allaah’s Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam, the first generation amongst whom he was sent, the first Muhaajiroon and the Ansaar; and they are those who prayed towards the two qiblahs (directions of Prayer).

[Souncloud Audio Link

Transcribed Audio:

Meaning the most excellent of the Companions after the three khulafaa are the rest of those ten who were given the glad tidings of Paradise, and they are those whom the author mentioned.

His saying, “All of them were suitable to be the khaleefah” – meaning the people of the shoorah (council) whom `Umar radiyAllaahu `anhu entrusted with choosing the next khaleefah after him. Because `Umar, when he was dying, appointed a council to choose the caliph so that the matter would rest with those who remained. Because each one of them was fitting to be a khaleefah, so he referred the affair to them, and they chose `Uthmaan radiyAllaahu `anhu.

His saying, “The first generation,” from the most excellent generations, and they were the generation in which the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam was sent and they believed in him.

And the word al-as.haab (Companions) is the plural of sahaabiyyun; and a sahaabiyy (a Companion) is whoever met the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam as a believer in him and he died upon that.

• So a person who believed in the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam but he did not meet him, then he is not a Companion such as an-Najjaashiyy [07] (the King of Abyssinia). He is counted as being from the taabi`een, the Successors.

• As for one who met him but did not believe in him then he is not a Companion because the mushrikeen (people of shirk) and the disbelievers met the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam but they did not believe in him.

• And a person who met him and believed in him but then left Islaam then his Companionship is annulled/rendered null and void if he dies upon apostasy. As for if he repented, then Allaah accepted his repentance and his Companionship is restored.

And therefore al-Haafiz ibn Hajar rahimahullaah, in his book an-Nukhbah [08], said, in definition of a Companion, “(He is) whoever met the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam whilst believing in him and he died upon that, even if apostasy occurred in between (his meeting the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and his dying), in the correct saying.” [09] Meaning in the most correct of the two sayings of the scholars. The second saying is that it abolishes his Companionship even if he repents because apostasy renders deeds which are before it null and void.

His saying “The first generation, those amongst whom he was sent amongst the first Muhaajiroon and the Ansaar and they are those who prayed towards the two qiblahs.” The Muhaajiroon (those who emigrated from Makkah) have precedence in mention over the Ansaar, so this shows that the Muhaajiroon have greater excellence through the excellence of performing hijrah (migration) in the cause of Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, because they left their homelands and their wealth. And Allaah, the Majestic and Most High, mentions the Muhaajiroon before the Ansaar in many aayahs just as He, the Most High, said:

And the first and foremost ones from the Muhaajiroon and the Ansaar. (Sooratut-Towbah (9), aayah100)

For the poor and needy ones from the Muhaajireen, those who were forced out from their homes and their wealth; they left seeking the bounty from Allaah and His pleasure and they aid the Religion of Allaah and His Messenger. They are the true ones. (Sooratul-Hashr (59), aayah 8)

Up until His saying:

And also those who resided before them in al-Madeenah and believed. (Sooratul-Hashr (59), aayah 9)

Meaning the Ansaar. So He gives precedence to a mention of the Muhaajireen over the Ansaar.

Allaah certainly guided the Prophet and the Muhaajiroon and the Ansaar to turn to Him. (Sooratut-Towbah (9), aayah117)

This shows that the Muhaajiroon have greater excellence than the Ansaar. And Ansaar is the plural of Ansaariyy, and they are believers from (the tribes of) Ows and Khazraj, the people of Madeenah, those who gave the pledge to the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam at al-`Aqabah. He (sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam) migrated to them and they aided him and supported him and sheltered him and sheltered the Companions radiyAllaahu `anhum along with him. He, the Most High, said with regard to them, the Ansaar:

And those who resided in al-Madeenah before them and believed, they love those who emigrate to them and they do not find in their chests any resentment on account of what they had been given and they give precedence to them over themselves even though they themselves were in need. And whoever is saved from the avarice of his self then they are the successful ones. (Sooratul-Hashr (59), aayah 9)

To begin with they were called al-Ows wal-Khazraj (the tribes of Ows and Khazraj). Then when they gave the pledge to the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam to aid him (nusrah), he called them al-Ansaar (the aiders or the helpers), meaning the aiders of the Messenger sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam.

Footnotes:

[07] Translator’s side point: He lived in the time of the Prophet but he was in a separate land. He heard about the Prophet sallAllaahu `alayhi wa sallam and he believed in him but he was not able to get to him and meet him.

[08] Translator’s side point: a book regarding sciences of hadeeth

[09] Nukhbatul-Fikr with the explanation Mullaa `Aliyy al-Qaaree

Transcribed by Saima Zaher. Download PDF of Lesson 22

Ithaaful-Qaaree bit-Ta`leeqaat `alaa Sharhis-Sunnah
by Shaykh Saalih ibn Fowzaan al-Fowzaan
hafizahullaah
Translated by Aboo Talhah Daawood Burbank, rahimahullaah

Posted with kind permission from Dawud Burbank rahimahullaah

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Sharh-us-Sunnah – Shaykh Saalih Fawzaan – Dawood Burbank [Audio|En]

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Related Linkhttps://abdurrahman.org/sahaba/