
Sharh-ul-Usool-ith-Thalaathah : Lesson 24 Part B
Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzan | Dawud Burbank [Audio|English]
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Al-Isti‘aadhah (Seeking Refuge) and its Proof
Imaam Muhammad ibn ‘Abdul-Wahhaab (rahimahullaah) said:
And the proof for Al-Isti‘aadhah (seeking refuge) is His saying, He the Most High:
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ
Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of the Dawn [113:1] 22
[22]: Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzan’s Explanation:
Al-Isti‘aadhah: means seeking refuge with someone who can defend you against something disagreeable which you fear in order that he should repel from you this thing. This is al-Isti‘aadhah.
And al-Isti‘aadhah is a type from the types of worship. It is not permissible for you to seek refuge in other than Allaah the Mighty and Majestic. So whoever seeks refuge with a grave or with an idol, or with anything besides Allaah the Mighty and Majestic, then he will be a mushrik, who has committed major shirk.
And He the Most High said:
وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ رِجَالٌ مِّنَ الْإِنسِ يَعُوذُونَ بِرِجَالٍ مِّنَ الْجِنِّ فَزَادُوهُمْ رَهَقًا
And there used to be men from mankind who would seek refuge in men from the jinn, and they only increased them in transgression. [72:6]
The Arabs in the days of ignorance, when they stopped off at a place on the earth, one of them used to say, “I seek refuge in the chief of this valley”: meaning the chief one from the jinn; he would seek refuge from the evil of the foolish ones of his people.
So the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam said refuting that and making clear what is legislated in place of it:
“Whoever stops off at a place and he says, “I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allaah from the evil of whatever He has created”, then nothing will harm him until he travels on from that stopping place of his.”[1]
This is the correct replacement, seeking refuge in the perfect words of Allaah instead of seeking refuge in the jinn.
He the Most High said:
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ
Say, “I seek refuge in the Lord of the Dawn” [113:1]
“Al-Falaq”, is the dawn, and the Lord of the dawn, He is Allaah the Perfect and Most High, just as He the Most High said:
فَالِقُ الْإِصْبَاحِ
Allaah is the One Who causes the dawns to break [6:96]
Meaning: the One Who brings out the light of the day into the darkness of the night. Who is able to do that except Allaah the Perfect and Most High?
أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ
I seek refuge in the Lord of the Daybreak [113:1]
Meaning the Lord of dawn when it breaks, the Sovereign Owner, the One who controls it, the One having full ability over it.
مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ
From the evil of that which He created [113:2]
This covers the evil of all of the created beings, he seeks refuge in Allaah from the evil of all of the created beings. This will suffice you for every seeking refuge and every seeking protection which the people do.
وَمِن شَرِّ غَاسِقٍ إِذَا وَقَبَ
And from the evil of the Ghaasiq (darkening night) as it comes with its darkness (or the moon as it sets or goes away) [113:3]
“Al-Ghaasiq”, is the darkness of the night; since in the darkness wild animals and wild beasts come out so then you are in danger, so you seek refuge in Allaah from the evil of this darkness and whatever is beneath it from these harmful things.
وَمِن شَرِّ النَّفَّاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ
And from the evil of those who blow upon knots [113:4]
And they are the sorcerers, you seek refuge in Allaah from sorcery / magic and its people, because sorcery / magic is tremendous evil.
وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ
And from the evil of the envier when he envies [113:5]
“Al-Haasid”, the envier, he is the one who hopes and wishes for favours to pass away from other people; when he sees someone having a favour then he becomes furious, and he wishes for this blessing to pass away out of envy and out of transgression and Allaah’s refuge is sought. And it is one of the worst of blameworthy qualities, because it involves raising objections against Allaah, and it involves evil towards the creation.
And entering into it is the person who gives the evil eye, the one who causes harm with his look, because striking with the evil eye is a type of envy, so you should seek refuge in Allaah from these evils.
So this indicates that al-Isti‘aadhah (seeking refuge) is worship, it is not permissible to be directed to other than Allaah, so you do not seek refuge in a created being, and whoever seeks refuge in a created being then he has committed shirk with Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic.
And the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam said to ‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Abbaas radiy Allaahu ‘anhumaa:
“And if you seek aid then seek the aid of Allaah”[2]
Imaam Muhammad ibn ‘Abdul-Wahhaab (rahimahullaah) said:
And His saying, He the Most High:
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ
Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of Mankind. [114:1] 23
[23]: Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzan’s Explanation:
And in His saying, He the Most High:
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ
مَلِكِ النَّاسِ
إِلَٰهِ النَّاسِ
مِن شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ
الَّذِي يُوَسْوِسُ فِي صُدُورِ النَّاسِ
Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of Mankind. The King of mankind. The One Who is rightfully worshipped by mankind. From the evil of the whisperer, who whispers and then withdraws. The one who whispers into the hearts of mankind. From jinn and from men. [114:1-6]
Allaah the Mighty and Majestic commands seeking refuge in the Lord of mankind, the King of mankind, the One Who is rightfully worshipped by mankind – these are all Names and Attributes of Allaah the Mighty and Majestic, and it contains the three types of tawheed: Tawheed-ur-Ruboobiyyah (Tawheed of Lordship), Tawheed-ul-Uloohiyyah (Tawheed of worship) and Tawheed-ul-Asmaa was–Sifaat (Tawheed of Allaah’s Names and Attributes).
Seek refuge in Allaah and in these Names and Attributes, seek refuge in Allaah from the evil of al-Waswaas (the whisperer) – and he is Satan. As for Wiswaas (a whispering) then that is a verbal noun from the verb waswasa yuwaswisu. As for al-Waswaas then it is a name from the names of Satan, because he whispers to mankind and gives him false ideas, and he pre-occupies him in order to cast terror into his heart and uncertainty and confusion in his affairs, particularly with regard to the affair of worship, because Satan whispers to man in acts of worship until he confuses him regarding his prayer or his act of worship, and then finally the person comes out from his prayer believing that it was null and void. Or he prays and then he believes that he was not upon wudhoo’, or that he did not stand up for such and such, or that he did not perform such and such, the person comes to suffer from whispers and he is not calm in his worship.
So Allaah the Majestic and Most High has given us the remedy for this dangerous matter, and that is that you seek refuge in Allaah from the evil of this whisperer who is al-Khannaas.
al-Khannaas: meaning the one who departs and moves away, so he whispers when you are negligent of the remembrance of Allaah, and he withdraws – meaning he falls back when you remember Allaah the Mighty and Majestic. So he whispers when the person is inattentive, and he is one who withdraws and moves away when one remembers Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic.
مِن شَرِّ الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ
الَّذِي يُوَسْوِسُ فِي صُدُورِ النَّاسِ
The one who whispers into the hearts of mankind. From jinn and from mankind [114:5-6]
It is as if the meaning – and Allaah knows best – that there are those who whisper from the jinn and from mankind as well – those who whisper things to the people; they come to the people and they cause them to have doubts, so just as there are devils from the jinn who whisper evil, then likewise there are devils from mankind who whisper also, so you should seek refuge in Allaah from the evil of the two tribes.
And therefore the Prophet sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam said:
“No-one seeking refuge has sought refuge by means of the like of these two” [3]
Meaning: these two soorahs (Soorat-ul-Falaq and Soorat-un-Naas). So it is befitting for the Muslim that he should read these two after the prayers and that he should repeat them again and again, and that he should recite these two when he goes to sleep along with Aayat-ul-Kursee and Soorat-ul-Ikhlaas.
He should recite Aayat-ul-Kursee and Soorat-ul-Ikhlaas and the two soorahs for seeking refuge, he should recite them after every prayer, and repeat them three times after maghrib and after fajr, and likewise recite these two when you go to sleep in order that Satan should move away from him and not disturb his sleep for him and not trouble him with nightmares.
The witness from these two soorahs is that Allaah has commanded seeking refuge in Him alone, so this proves that seeking refuge in other than him, whether it be jinn or mankind or any created thing, that that is not permissible because it is a type from the types of worship.
[1] Reported by Muslim (2708) from a hadeeth of Khawlah bint Hakeem as-Sulamiyyah radiy Aallaahu ‘anhaa
[2] Reported by at-Tirmidhee (2516)
[3] Reported by Aboo Daawood, An-Nasaa’ee and Ahmad from a hadeeth of ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Aamir radiy Allaah ‘anhu [Saheeh – Sh Al-Albaanee]
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Sharh Usool-ith-Thalaathah – Shaykh Fawzan | Dawud Burbank
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